The Ability Hypothesis Sample Clauses

The Ability Hypothesis. An influential objection raised against the knowledge argument is Xxxxx Xxxxx’x (1983, 1988) ability hypothesis – an alternative explanation of what it means to learn what an experience is like. Xxxxx argues that Xxxx does not acquire any new propositional knowledge (i.e. knowledge that something is the case or factual knowledge) about seeing red for the first time but only gains a set of abilities: “Xxxxxx, knowing what it's like is the possession of abilities: abilities to recognize, abilities to imagine, abilities to predict one's behavior by means of imaginative experiments. (Someone who knows what it's like to taste Vegemite can easily and reliably predict whether he would eat a second helping of Vegemite ice cream.) Lessons cannot impart these abilities—who would have thought that they could? There is a state of knowing what it's like, sure enough. And Vegemite has a special power to produce that state. But phenomenal information and its special subject matter do not exist.” (Xxxxx 1983: 131) So, knowing what an experience is like just is the possession of a certain set of abilities – it is knowing-how rather than knowing-that (Xxxxx 1988: 288). The difference between Xxxx being in the black-and-white room and Xxxx xxxx-release is based on her gaining relevant cognitive abilities: if Xxxx had never experienced red, she would lack the ability to remember, recognise and imagine red (Tye 2000: 7). She might know, while still confined in her room, how to triangulate each colour experience exactly in a network of resemblances, but she will still not know what any node in the network is like (Xxxxx 1988: 266). According to the ability hypothesis, knowing what something is like is identified with abilities to be in certain propositional states, so Xxxx’s failure to know what the nodes are like is merely the result of her lack of crucial abilities (Tye 2000: 6, 9). It does not follow that knowing what pain is like, for example, is knowing a truth but rather that it consists in the possession of certain cognitive abilities, such as the ability to recognise, imagine, compare pain, etc. (Tye 2000: 10). Thus, when Xxxx leaves her room and sees red for the first time, she does acquire new knowledge, but that knowledge is nothing but knowing-how (Xxxx-Xxxxxxx & O Conaill 2019). This does not exclude that there is some propositional knowledge that can be acquired through acquaintance with first-person experiences, though this does not undermine the ability hypothes...
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