VISION FOR A COMPACT P-DRIVEN PLASMA ACCELERATOR Sample Clauses

VISION FOR A COMPACT P-DRIVEN PLASMA ACCELERATOR. THE AWAKE PROJECT AT CERN It has been proposed to use a high-energy proton bunch to drive a plasma wakefield for electron beam acceleration [CAL16]. The initial numerical simulations [LOT10] have shown that a 1 TeV proton bunch, with 1011 protons and an rms bunch length of 100 μm as driver could indeed excite a large amplitude plasma wave. Surfing the appropriate phase of the wave, the simulated electron bunch can reach energies over 600 GeV/electron in a single passage through a 450-meter plasma cell. Recent studies [KUM10, CAL11, CAL16] have shown that similar gradients can be reached with a modulated long proton bunch, opening the path for immediate experimental investigations with the existing proton bunches at CERN. The modulation of the proton density on-axis results from the modulation of the transverse profile along the bunch length. For coherent wakefield excitation, this is equivalent to having a series of ultra-short proton bunches with an effective length set by the plasma wavelength. This exciting development has led to the formation of the AWAKE Collaboration to pursue a demonstration experiment at CERN with the SPS beam. The demonstration of strong electric fields will be performed by measuring first the self-modulation of a long proton bunch and then later by the acceleration of externally injected electrons up to 1 GeV in a novel plasma cell of several meters length. A Letter of Intent proposing an experimental study of proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration utilizing the existing proton beam from the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron had been submitted to the CERN SPSC and received a positive review. The AWAKE Collaboration had then submitted a Conceptual Design Report and AWAKE was then approved as an official CERN experiment. R&D activities focused on plasma cell designs and diagnostic tools. In parallel the AWAKE facility has been constructed. First experiments with proton-induced plasma wakefields were performed at the end of 2016 by the collaboration. The maximum wakefield amplitudes that can be achieved via the modulations of a long proton bunch were studied and parametric relations were determined [CAL11b]. In the limit of long bunches (compared to the plasma wavelength), the strength of the accelerating fields in the optimal configuration was found to be directly proportional to the transverse particle density in the drive bunch. This finding puts a premium on increasing this quantity for beams designed specifically for beam-driv...
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