Why F-Theory? Sample Clauses

Why F-Theory?. ‌ As we have seen, the underlying idea behind the study of compactified string theory models rests on the fact that they provide a framework to embed low-energy models into a UV-complete theory, which allows one to translate physically motivated constraints into geometric questions, and in reverse to use results from geometry to restrict the space of allowed physical models. An area in which this approach has been very successful is F-theory. F-theory is easiest understood as a non-perturbative generalization of vacua of type IIB string theory, where the (physical) string coupling constant is modelled by the (geometric) complex structure of an elliptic fibration over the compactification manifold. Loci where the fibration becomes singular indicate diverging string coupling, and thus correspond to the locations of 7- branes. Crucially, F-theory thus provides the localization of gauge degrees of freedom on subloci of the compactification, enabling a modular approach to the construction of phenomenological models. On the other hand, F-theory allows for the construction of exceptional gauge symmetries, making it comparatively easy to embed low-energy models into F-theory vacua. In order to describe F-theory models, one makes heavy use of the algebraic geometry of elliptic fibrations. One of its main results is a classification of singularities of elliptic fibrations, along with a set of normal forms describing fibrations with a given singularity type. This translates into a classification of non-abelian gauge groups hosted on the brane localized on the singular locus, as well as providing a collection of representations for charged matter and Yukawa couplings of the low-energy gauge theory on the brane. Using results about elliptic fibrations to answer physical questions in F-theory compact- ifications can be substantially extended beyond these examples, for instance in the sys- tematic construction of abelian gauge symmetries, as we will see in chapter 5, or of G-flux in chapter 4. In fact, this philosophy underpins much of F-theory model building, as one can analyze many physical features of F-theory compactifications in isolation due to their modularity, and then harness the simplification coming from doing so by being able to comprehensively survey the range of possibilities for these features in F-theory. In a second step, one is then able to recombine the various ingredients — gauge groups, matter curves, Yukawa couplings, fluxes, etc. — into complete mo...
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Related to Why F-Theory?

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  • Indemnification Against Third-Party Claims Each Party (the Indemnifying Party) agrees to indemnify, defend, and hold harmless the other Party (the Indemnified Party) and the other Party’s Subsidiaries, predecessors, successors, Affiliates, and assigns, and all current and former officers, directors, members, shareholders, agents, contractors and employees of all such persons and entities (collectively, with Indemnified Party, the “Indemnitee Group”), from any and all Claims (as hereinafter defined).

  • INDEMNIFICATION RELATING TO THIRD PARTY RIGHTS The Contractor will also indemnify and hold the Authorized Users harmless from and against any and all damages, expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees), claims, judgments, liabilities and costs that may be finally assessed against the Authorized Users in any action for infringement of a United States Letter Patent, or of any copyright, trademark, trade secret or other third party proprietary right except to the extent such claims arise from the Authorized Users gross negligence or willful misconduct, provided that the State shall give Contractor: (i) prompt written notice of any action, claim or threat of infringement suit, or other suit, (ii) the opportunity to take over, settle or defend such action, claim or suit at Contractor's sole expense, and (iii) assistance in the defense of any such action at the expense of Contractor. If usage shall be enjoined for any reason or if Contractor believes that it may be enjoined, Contractor shall have the right, at its own expense and sole discretion to take action in the following order of precedence: (i) to procure for the Authorized User the right to continue Usage (ii) to modify the service or Product so that Usage becomes non-infringing, and is of at least equal quality and performance; or (iii) to replace said service or Product or part(s) thereof, as applicable, with non-infringing service or Product of at least equal quality and performance. If the above remedies are not available, the parties shall terminate the Contract, in whole or in part as necessary and applicable, provided the Authorized User is given a refund for any amounts paid for the period during which Usage was not feasible. The foregoing provisions as to protection from third party rights shall not apply to any infringement occasioned by modification by the Authorized User of any Product without Contractor’s approval. In the event that an action at law or in equity is commenced against the Authorized User arising out of a claim that the Authorized User's use of the service or Product under the Contract infringes any patent, copyright or proprietary right, and Contractor is of the opinion that the allegations in such action in whole or in part are not covered by the indemnification and defense provisions set forth in the Contract, Contractor shall immediately notify the Authorized User and the Office of the Attorney General in writing and shall specify to what extent Contractor believes it is obligated to defend and indemnify under the terms and conditions of the Contract. Contractor shall in such event protect the interests of the Authorized User and secure a continuance to permit the Authorized User to appear and defend its interests in cooperation with Contractor, as is appropriate, including any jurisdictional defenses the Authorized User may have. This constitutes the Authorized User’s sole and exclusive remedy for patent infringement, or for infringement of any other third party proprietary right.

  • No consequential claims Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Article 22, the indemnities herein provided shall not include any claim or recovery in respect of any cost, expense, loss or damage of an indirect, incidental or consequential nature, including loss of profit, except as expressly provided in this Agreement.

  • Incidental and Consequential Damages Contractor shall be responsible for incidental and consequential damages resulting in whole or in part from Contractor’s acts or omissions. Nothing in this Agreement shall constitute a waiver or limitation of any rights that City may have under applicable law.

  • NO LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES In no event shall either Party be liable to the other Party for, and no arbitral panel is authorized to award, any punitive, special, indirect or consequential damages of any kind or character resulting from or arising out of this Agreement, including, without limitation, loss of profits or business interruptions, however they may be caused.

  • Consequential Damages Neither party to this Agreement shall be liable to the other party for special, indirect or consequential damages under any provision of this Agreement or for any special, indirect or consequential damages arising out of any act or failure to act hereunder.

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