Causal loop diagram Sample Clauses

Causal loop diagram. The previous section has elaborated on the future development of external factors driving passenger air travel demand. These aspects are not just driving demand but are also interrelated and influence each other. To identify these relationships among them and to have a graphical representation at hand (overleaf), a causal loop diagram was drawn as seen in Figure 34. Each factor is depicted as a variable. The directions of the blue and green lines between the variables and the plus and minus signs indicate the relationship between the different factors, i.e. the arrows at the end of each line depict in which direction the factors influence each other. The + sign shows that change (such as an increase or decrease) in factor A will trigger the same direction of change (increase or decrease) in factor B. The - sign refers to the opposite effect. A brief explanation and two examples can be found in Figure 32. Figure 32: Positive and negative relationship in causal loop diagram (data: Xxxxxx, 2006) Moreover, the relationship between the factors can be closed like a chain. These relationship chains are called feedback loops and several can be found within the causal loop diagram. These feedback loops characterise the structure of the depicted system and describe how the factors affect each other. A loop can be negative, also known as balancing as they have the tendency to stabilise the system, or positive, also known as reinforcing with a tendency to destabilise a system and to generate growth. Such (balancing or reinforcing) polarity provides an indication for the causality direction. Additionally, the feedback loop is either clockwise or anticlockwise, providing a hint to which direction the loop is directed and has to be read (Xxxxxx, 2006; Xxxxxxx, 2000). An overview of all feedback loops can be found in the appendix (see Figure 48). One of the main reinforcing feedback loops is depicted in Figure 33 and will help to understand the theory. An increase in Passenger_Air_Travel_Demand results in an increase in GDP_Growth (positive relationship). An increase in GDP_Growth increases Income (positive relationship). An increase in Income results into a higher Education_Level (positive relationship). The Education_Level increases in line with Women_in_tertiary_Enrolments (positive relationship). An increase in Women_in_teriary_Enrolments will lead to more women pursuing a career and results in an increase in the number of working_Women (positive relationship). This w...
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