Definition of Variables. Exposure: Self-reported race at visit one is the exposure variable and was classified as "Blacks" and "Whites."
Definition of Variables. Exposure: The self -reported "race" variable is available at the patient level for the three states. We compared the outcomes of Black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander patients to the outcomes of White patients.
Definition of Variables. The following table presents the key variables and their definitions. Table 1 Variable Definition Academic/xxxx ning/ school burnout A psychological state of learning individuals occurring in school setting, which consists of the following elements: school-related exhaustion, school-related cynicism, and inadequacy (lack of school-related efficacy) (Xxxxxxx-Xxx et al., 2009). Personality An individual set of psychological and behavioral patterns by which individuals differ from one another (Xxxxxxxxxx, 2000). The Big Five Personality Traits model A model that contains five fundamental personality factors: agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, extraversion, openness. Agreeableness An individual’s ability to get along with others. Scoring high on agreeableness means the person can cooperate well in a community, is friendly and understanding. Scoring low means the person is not cooperating well with others, irritable and poses himself/herself against others (Xxxxxxx & Xxxxxxxx, 2011). Conscientious- ness a personality trait that makes a person does his job thoroughly and considers his duties very seriously (Oxford Dictionary, 2015). Also it refers to the number of goals a person pursues. Scoring high on conscientiousness means a person is well-organized, has a clear set of goals and is diligent at achieving them. Scoring low on conscientiousness means a person is distracted by multiple goals he has, disorganized and irresponsible (Xxxxxxx & Xxxxxxxx, 2011). Neuroticism Emotional instability. People scoring high on neuroticism tend to be more stressed, vulnerable to outside factors, experiencing mood changes. People scoring less on this factor are more emotionally stable, reliable, and better cope with stress and pressure of environment (Xxxxxxx & Xxxxxxxx, 2011) Openness a personality factor that implies having broad range of interests, seeking new experience and information. People with higher scores on this dimension will demonstrate willingness to discover something new, open-mindedness, creativity (Daft, 2011). Scoring low on this dimension will characterize a person who is resistant to change and accept new ideas (Xxxxxxx & Xxxxxxxx, 2011). Extraversion A personality trait that refers to being sociable, open to conversation, outgoing, and willing to meet and communicate with new people. People who score low on extroversion are closed to communication, quiet and socially unconfident (Daft, 2011). Academic motivation a multidimensional concept tha...
Definition of Variables. Gender - is defined as a social phenomenon and a social construct, as distinguished from sex which is biologically determined (Xxxxxx 1991, Mbilinyi 1992, xx.xx). Academic achievement — is identified from both formal and informal assessments. It includes formative and summative information to learn students' knowledge of the educational context (Xxx, 2009; Xxxxxxxx, 2013). Achievement gap — is a discrepancy of groups of students in academic achievement. In general, the achievement gap includes performance gaps between ethnic groups, it also includes areas such as gender (Xxxxxx & Xxxxxx, 2010).
Definition of Variables. We first discuss our measure of share repurchase. Then we focus on the main measures to proxy for agreement. In order to distinguish our agreement (between investors and management) theory from other hypotheses, such as information asymmetry/signaling hypothesis and diversity of opinion among investors, we also discuss measures we employ for information asymmetry and diversity of opinion, as well as other control variables.
