Demographic Factors. There exists a strong association between demographic factors and the occurrence of diarrhea in children. The prevalence of diarrhea is higher among younger children and in the under 5 category the incidence of diarrhea is more common among children who are in the age group of 6 months to 11 months and remain high for the following year and then decreases as the child ages (31–33). The prevalence of diarrhea is also known to be higher in the cases of boys and in households where the mother or caretaker has low level education (2,32–34). The association between the incidence of diarrhea among children under-five and their mother’s education level are inverse, as the level of education increases there is a reduction in the prevalence and risk of diarrhea (33, 35). Socio-economic factors: Factors such as income range and the area where the household is located are known to be associated with the occurrence of diarrhea. Children in rural households tend to have a lower number of cases of diarrhea in children as compared to urban households (36), and as the wealth index rises there is a reduction in the prevalence and risk of diarrhea in children under-five (36). This can be attributed to easier access to quality medical care and better knowledge about hygiene and sanitation practices. Households that have a higher number of children under the age of five tend to have a higher risk of diarrhea incidence (31, 32). Similarly, houses with a higher number of members tended to have a higher incidence and risk of diarrhea among the children under the age of five, mainly in the rural and in households that are lower down on the wealth index (36, 39, 40). Evincing the association between the incidence of diarrhea in children under-five and poor WASH facilities in LMIC, studies have shown that increased distance between the water source and household leads to greater odds of diarrhea (33, 34). Also, a strong association between the occurrence of diarrhea and the type of water source, has been shown. Households that derived water from an improved water source have been shown to have a lower risk of diarrhea compared to households that derived from un-improved water sources (14, 43).
Demographic Factors. From a demographic perspective, Azerbaijan has an accentuated problem with the highest fertility rate in the South Asia and Caucacas regions. Between 1990 and 1995, the fertility rate averaged 2.78 (double of Turkey, for example), but even though it dropped to 2.06 by 0000, Xxxxxxxxxx has the second-highest fertility rate in the region after Today, 39.8 percent of the population is under 18 years of age. One consequence of this large demographic group is that the nation's primary and secondary school systems are overburdened by nearly 60 percent. Part of this burden is due to the loss of 800 schools in the occupied region (20 percent of the nation's total system prior to occupation), and the subsequent displacement of that population into domestic areas where educational facilities, already sparse, were often seconded to house refugees. A World Bank study in 1997 found that nearly percent of all schools in the IDP settlement areas were occupied by and as many as 75 percent of children in enclaves were not able to attend school regularly. More than half of the population are impoverished, and there are nearly 900,000 or refugees near destitution. The per capita GDP is second lowest among the World Bank’s list of low-middle-income countries. This is worsened by the exceptionally high tax and withholding rates that place an larger number of the population well below the poverty line in of net disposable income. The combined effect of these situations xxxxxx corruption, bartering, black market behavior, and a growing shadow economy. Consequently, there is a confusing set of parallel economies within the country. One has extraordinary promise for development and economic prosperity derived from international support. oil, and Caspian trade, while a huge part of an impoverished population survives in a shadow economy: or, alternatively, is dependent on humanitarian aid.
