Development of International Criminal Law addressing Environmental Harm Sample Clauses

Development of International Criminal Law addressing Environmental Harm. There is a long history of environmental damage during armed conflict, both as a deliberate tactic of war and as an off-shoot of lawful military operations, as well as during times of social upheaval.259 According to the Book of Kings in the Old Testament of the Bible, during the Ninth Century Before Xxxxxx, the Israelites engaged in tactics of altering the local environment in an attack against the Moabites.260 Likewise, the prohibition of environmental damage has a long pedigree. Restrictions on harming the natural environment were set out in the Old Testament.261 Similarly, Xxxxxxxx’s companion, the first Caliph Xxx Xxxx, is said to have instructed his Muslim army to avoid burning or harming trees in the Seventh Century Anno Domini.262 Despite these early developments and examples of environmental harm being used as a tactic of war, international laws concerning environmental damage have been slow to develop. It was not until war broke out in Vietnam in the 1960s, that a greater awareness of the need to collectively take measures to protect the environment emerged, particular during times of armed conflict.263 This fed the impetus for the development of treaties specifically protecting the environment, particularly under the rubric of international humanitarian law, and included calls for the fifth Geneva Convention on the protection of the environment. The term ecocide was first widely used by a plant biologist, Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx, to encapsulate what he described as ‘willful, permanent destruction of environments in which people can live 258 Peacetime environmental law remains effective during times of armed conflict to extent that it is compatible with international humanitarian law; International Law Commission, Draft Articles on the Effects of Armed Conflicts on Treaties (2011), Annex - Indicative list of treaties referred to in article 7. See also Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx Xxxx “Le droit international humanitaire et l’avis consultatif de la Cour internationale de Justice sur la licéité de la menace ou de l’emploi x’xxxxx nucléaires” (1997) 823 RICR 37; cited in Xxxxxxx (1997), p.32, 37. 259 Xxxxxxxxx (2005), p.700. 260 See Bible: Revised Standard Version, 2 Kings 3:24-25. 261 Bible: Revised Standard Version, Deuteronomy 20:19 (“[i]f you besiege a town for a long time, making war against it in order to take it, you must not destroy its trees by wielding an axe against them. Although you may take food from them, you must not cut them down. Are trees in the field h...
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Related to Development of International Criminal Law addressing Environmental Harm

  • Environmental, Health and Safety Matters (a) Comply in all material respects with all applicable Environmental Laws, including, without limitation, obtaining and complying with and maintaining any and all licenses, approvals, notifications, registrations or permits required by applicable Environmental Laws. For purposes of this Section 5.12(a), material noncompliance by the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any tenant or subtenant, with any applicable Environmental Law shall be deemed not to constitute a breach of this covenant provided that, upon learning of any actual or suspected material noncompliance, the Company and the relevant Subsidiaries shall promptly undertake all reasonable efforts to achieve material compliance (or contest in good faith by appropriate proceedings the alleged violation or applicable Environmental Law at issue and (to the extent required by GAAP) provide on the books of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, as the case may be, reserves in accordance with GAAP with respect thereto), and provided further that, in any case, such noncompliance, and any other noncompliance with applicable Environmental Law, individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. (b) Promptly comply in all material respects with all lawful orders and directives of all Governmental Authorities regarding applicable Environmental Laws, except to the extent that the validity thereof is currently being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and (to the extent required by GAAP) reserves in accordance with GAAP with respect thereto have been provided on the books of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, as the case may be. (c) Defend, indemnify and hold harmless the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, and their respective parents, subsidiaries, affiliates, employees, agents, officers and directors, from and against any claims, demands, penalties, fines, liabilities, settlements, damages, costs and expenses of whatever kind or nature, known or unknown, contingent or otherwise, arising out of, or in any way relating to the violation of, noncompliance with or liability under any Environmental Laws applicable to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective operations or properties, or any orders, requirements or demands of Governmental Authorities related thereto, including, without limitation, attorney’s and consultant’s fees, investigation and laboratory fees, response costs, court costs and litigation expenses, except to the extent that any of the foregoing arise out of the gross negligence or willful misconduct of (or, as determined pursuant to a claim initiated by the Company, breach in bad faith of its express obligations under the applicable Loan Documents by) the party seeking indemnification therefor, in each case, as determined by a final non-appealable judgment by a court of competent jurisdiction. This indemnity shall continue in full force and effect regardless of the termination of this Agreement.

  • Cooperation on forestry matters and environmental protection 1. The aims of cooperation on forestry matters and environmental protection will be, but not limited to, as follows: (a) establishing bilateral cooperation relations in the forestry sector; (b) developing a training program and studies for sustainable management of forests; (c) improving the rehabilitation and sustainable management of forest with the aim of increasing carbon sinks and reduce the impact of climate change in the Asia-Pacific region; (d) cooperating on the execution of national projects, aimed at: improving the management of forest plantations for its transformation for industrial purposes and environmental protection; (e) elaborating studies on sustainable use of timber; (f) developing new technologies for the transformation and processing of timber and non-timber species; and (g) improving cooperation in agro-forestry technologies. 2. To achieve the objectives of the Article 149 (Objectives), the Parties may focus, as a means of cooperation and negotiations on concluding a bilateral agreement on forestry cooperation between the two Parties. Such collaboration will be as follows: (a) exchanges on science and technology as well as policies and laws relating the sustainable use of forest resources; (b) cooperation in training programs, internships, exchange of experts and projects advisory; (c) advice and technical assistance to public institutions and organizations of the Parties on sustainable use of forest resources and environmental protection; (d) facilitating forest policy dialogue and technical cooperation under the Network of Sustainable Forest Management and Forest Rehabilitation in Asia- Pacific Region, initiated at the 15th Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Meeting; (e) encouraging joint studies, working visits, exchange of experiences, among others; and (f) others activities mutually agreed.

  • HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT In the performance of this Contract, Contractor and Operator shall conduct Petroleum Operations with due regard to health, safety and the protection of the environment (“HSE”) and the conservation of natural resources, and shall in particular:

  • Environmental Health and Safety i. Environment, Health and Safety Performance. Seller acknowledges and accepts full and sole responsibility to maintain an environment, health and safety management system ("EMS") appropriate for its business throughout the performance of this Contract. Buyer expects that Seller’s EMS shall promote health and safety, environmental stewardship, and pollution prevention by appropriate source reduction strategies. Seller shall convey the requirement of this clause to its suppliers. Seller shall not deliver goods that contain asbestos mineral fibers.

  • Environmental, Health and Safety Laws There does not exist any violation by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries of any applicable federal, state or local law, rule or regulation or order of any government, governmental department, board, agency or other instrumentality relating to environmental, pollution, health or safety matters which has, will or threatens to impose a material liability on the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries or which has required or would require a material expenditure by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries to cure. Neither the Borrower nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any notice to the effect that any part of such Person’s operations or properties is not in material compliance with any such law, rule, regulation or order or notice that it or its property is the subject of any governmental investigation evaluating whether any remedial action is needed to respond to any release of any toxic or hazardous waste or substance into the environment, which non-compliance or remedial action could reasonably be expected to constitute a Material Adverse Occurrence. Except as set out on Schedule 4.7 of the Disclosure Schedules, the Borrower does not have knowledge that it, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective property will become subject to environmental laws or regulations during the term of this Agreement, compliance with which could reasonably be expected to require significant Capital Expenditures or to constitute a Material Adverse Occurrence.

  • COMPLIANCE WITH HEALTH, SAFETY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS The Contractor, it’s Subcontractors, and their respective employees, shall comply fully with all applicable federal, state, and local health, safety, and environmental laws, ordinances, rules and regulations in the performance of the services, including but not limited to those promulgated by the City and by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). In case of conflict, the most stringent safety requirement shall govern. The Contractor shall indemnify and hold the City harmless from and against all claims, demands, suits, actions, judgments, fines, penalties and liability of every kind arising from the breach of the Contractor’s obligations under this paragraph.

  • Public safety compliance The Hirer shall comply with all conditions and regulations made in respect of the premises by the Fire Authority, Local Authority, the Licensing Authority or otherwise, particularly in connection with any event which constitutes regulated entertainment, at which alcohol is sold or provided or which is attended by children. (a) The Hirer acknowledges that they have received information in the following matters: (b) In advance of an entertainment or play the Hirer shall check the following items:

  • Environmental Compliance and Reports Borrower shall comply in all respects with any and all Environmental Laws; not cause or permit to exist, as a result of an intentional or unintentional action or omission on Borrower’s part or on the part of any third party, on property owned and/or occupied by Borrower, any environmental activity where damage may result to the environment, unless such environmental activity is pursuant to and in compliance with the conditions of a permit issued by the appropriate federal, state or local governmental authorities; shall furnish to Lender promptly and in any event within thirty (30) days after receipt thereof a copy of any notice, summons, lien, citation, directive, letter or other communication from any governmental agency or instrumentality concerning any intentional or unintentional action or omission on Borrower’s part in connection with any environmental activity whether or not there is damage to the environment and/or other natural resources. Additional Assurances. Make, execute and deliver to Lender such promissory notes, mortgages, deeds of trust, security agreements, assignments, financing statements, instruments, documents and other agreements as Lender or its attorneys may reasonably request to evidence and secure the Loans and to perfect all Security Interests.

  • Environmental and Safety Matters (a) The Company and its Subsidiaries have at all times complied in all material respects with all applicable Environmental and Safety Requirements, which compliance has included obtaining and complying in all material respects at all times with all material permits, licenses and other authorizations required pursuant to Environmental and Safety Requirements for the occupation of their facilities and the operation of their respective businesses. (b) Except as set forth in Section 4.27(b) of the Disclosure Schedule, since February 19, 2008, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any notice, report, order, or directive regarding any, and is not subject to any litigation, proceedings or order regarding any, actual or alleged violation of Environmental and Safety Requirements, or any liability or potential liability arising under Environmental and Safety Requirements, in effect prior to and as of the date of the applicable Closing, relating to the business, the Owned Real Property or Leased Real Property. (c) Except as set forth in Section 4.27(c) of the Disclosure Schedule, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has treated, stored, disposed of, arranged for or permitted the disposal of, transported, handled, released, or exposed any Person to, any substance (including without limitation any hazardous substance), owned or operated any property or facility which is or has been contaminated by any substance, so as to give rise to any current or future liabilities under any Environmental and Safety Requirements in effect at the time of such treatment, storage, disposal, transportation, handling, release or exposure. (d) Except as set forth in Section 4.27(d) of the Disclosure Schedule, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has assumed, undertaken, or provided any indemnity with respect to, any liability of any other Person relating to Environmental and Safety Requirements. (e) The Company has furnished to Investor true and correct copies of all environmental audits, reports, assessments and all other documents materially bearing on environmental, health or safety liabilities relating to the past or current operations or facilities of the Company and all of its Subsidiaries, in each case which are in its possession or under its reasonable control.

  • Environmental Site Assessment Perform in accordance with the City Design Manual and other City requirements as designated in writing by the Director.

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