Environmental risk factors for ALS Sample Clauses

Environmental risk factors for ALS. Heritability estimates of less than 1 (or 100%), indicate the possibility that the remainder of the variability is due to sampling or measurement error, random noise, or environmental factors. Environmental risk factors in ALS have proven difficult to identify, in part because of problems common to all environmental studies such as an infinite exposome but also ALS-specific problems of disease heterogeneity and long disease lead in time (Xx-Xxxxxxx and Xxxxxxxx, 2013). For some risk factors that are being tested, such as smoking, a finding of a positive association would not change public health advice but confirming such a causal link would be invaluable in elucidating disease mechanism and informing drug development. Smoking may be associated with increased risk of ALS, although the data are not conclusive. Meta- analysis of case-control and cohort studies show a slight increased risk of smoking, with a stronger effect shown in cohort studies (Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxx, & Xxxxxx, 2010a). Since then there have been a mix of positive and negative studies, and there may be a higher risk in some subgroups (Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxx, Xxxx, & Xxxxxx, 2010b). Individual studies have shown dose dependent effects by age of smoking initiation and time since smoking cessation reducing risk (Xxxxxx et al., 2019; X. Xxxx et al., 2011). Mendelian randomisation studies to investigate causality have reported positive and negative associations (Bandres‐Ciga et al., 2019; Xxxx and Xxxx, 2019). There are several high-profile sports people who have been diagnosed with ALS. Additionally, many people with ALS have higher levels of voluntary sports participation and a low BMI on presentation (Scarmeas, Xxxx, Xxxxx, Xxxxxx, & Xxxxxxx, 2002). It is not clear whether participating in high levels of physical activity raises the risk of ALS and, if it does, whether it is directly a consequence of the exercise or some form of shared genetical predisposal between sporting prowess and ALS (Xxxxxxx et al., 2016). Additionally, low BMI may be confounded with the pathological processes of disease. Xxxxxx, including head injury which may occur as a result of sporting activity, also appears to be a risk factor according to meta-analysis (M. D. Xxxx, Xxxxxx, Xxxxx, Xxxxxxx, & Xxxxxxx, 2017). It is not clear whether there are occupational exposures that cause ALS, and there is mixed evidence for associations between occupational exposures such as pesticides, heavy metals, solvents, electromagnetic fields,...
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Related to Environmental risk factors for ALS

  • Environmental Conditions A Phase I environmental site assessment (or update of a previous Phase I and or Phase II environmental site assessment) and, with respect to certain Mortgage Loans, a Phase II environmental site assessment (collectively, an “ESA”) meeting ASTM requirements conducted by a reputable environmental consultant in connection with such Mortgage Loan within 12 months prior to its origination date (or an update of a previous ESA was prepared), and such ESA (i) did not identify the existence of Recognized Environmental Conditions (as such term is defined in ASTM E1527-05 or its successor, hereinafter “Environmental Condition”) at the related Mortgaged Property or the need for further investigation, or (ii) if the existence of an Environmental Condition or need for further investigation was indicated in any such ESA, then at least one of the following statements is true: (A) an amount reasonably estimated by a reputable environmental consultant to be sufficient to cover the estimated cost to cure any material noncompliance with applicable Environmental Laws or the Environmental Condition has been escrowed by the related Mortgagor and is held or controlled by the related lender; (B) if the only Environmental Condition relates to the presence of asbestos-containing materials, radon in indoor air, lead based paint or lead in drinking water, the only recommended action in the ESA is the institution of such a plan, an operations or maintenance plan has been required to be instituted by the related Mortgagor that can reasonably be expected to mitigate the identified risk; (C) the Environmental Condition identified in the related environmental report was remediated, abated or contained in all material respects prior to the date hereof, and, if and as appropriate, a no further action, completion or closure letter or its equivalent, was obtained from the applicable governmental regulatory authority (or the Environmental Condition affecting the related Mortgaged Property was otherwise listed by such governmental authority as “closed” or a reputable environmental consultant has concluded that no further action or investigation is required); (D) an environmental policy or a lender’s pollution legal liability insurance policy that covers liability for the Environmental Condition was obtained from an insurer rated no less than “A-” (or the equivalent) by Xxxxx’x, S&P and/or Fitch; (E) a party not related to the Mortgagor was identified as the responsible party for the Environmental Condition and such responsible party has financial resources reasonably estimated to be adequate to address the situation; or (F) a party related to the Mortgagor having financial resources reasonably estimated to be adequate to address the situation is required to take action. To Seller’s knowledge, except as set forth in the ESA, there is no Environmental Condition at the related Mortgaged Property.

  • Environmental Review (a) Buyer shall have the right to conduct or cause a consultant (“Buyer’s Environmental Consultant”) to conduct an environmental review of the Assets and Seller’s records pertaining to the Assets (as set forth in Section 3.01) prior to the expiration of the Examination Period (“Buyer’s Environmental Review”). The cost and expense of Buyer’s Environmental Review, if any, shall be borne solely by Buyer. The scope of work comprising Buyer’s Environmental Review shall not include any intrusive test or procedure without the prior written consent of Seller. Buyer shall (and shall cause Buyer’s Environmental Consultant to): (i) consult with Seller before conducting any work comprising Buyer’s Environmental Review, (ii) perform all such work in a safe and workmanlike manner and so as to not unreasonably interfere with Seller’s operations and (iii) comply with all applicable laws, rules, and regulations. Seller shall use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain any Third Party consents and otherwise cooperate with Buyer in conducting Buyer’s Environmental Review and any activities related thereto. Seller shall have the right to have a representative or representatives accompany Buyer and Buyer’s Environmental Consultant at all times during Buyer’s Environmental Review. With respect to any samples taken in connection with Buyer’s Environmental Review, Buyer shall take split samples, providing one of each such sample, properly labeled and identified, to Seller. The Parties shall execute a “common undertaking” letter regarding the confidentiality for the Environmental Review where appropriate. Buyer hereby agrees to release, defend, indemnify and hold harmless Seller from and against all claims, losses, damages, costs, expenses, causes of action and judgments of any kind or character (INCLUDING THOSE RESULTING FROM SELLER’S SOLE, JOINT, COMPARATIVE OR CONCURRENT NEGLIGENCE OR STRICT LIABILITY) to the extent arising out of Buyer’s Environmental Review. Buyer hereby covenants and agrees that it will have at least $2,000,000 of general liability insurance to cover its indemnification hereunder prior to the commencement of the Environmental Review.

  • Radon Gas Disclosure Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that, when it has accumulated in a building in sufficient quantities, may present health risks to persons who are exposed to it over time. Levels of radon that exceed federal and state guidelines have been found in buildings in Florida. Additional information regarding radon and radon testing may be obtained from your county public health unit.

  • Environmental Pollution Unless disposition of environmental pollution is specifically a part of this contract, PURCHASER shall immediately notify STATE of any hazardous substance(s) which PURCHASER discovers or encounters during performance of the operation. "Hazardous substance(s)" are those substances, materials, or wastes regulated by state or federal law. PURCHASER shall immediately cease operating in any particular area of the operations where a hazardous substance(s) has been discovered or encountered, if continued operations in such area would present a bona fide risk or danger to the health or well being of PURCHASER's or any subcontractor's work force. Upon being notified by PURCHASER of the presence of hazardous substance(s) on the areas of operations, STATE shall arrange for the proper disposition of such hazardous substance(s).

  • Environmental Hazards (a) Except for matters described in Section 18(b), Borrower shall not cause or permit any of the following:

  • Environmental Condition Except as set forth on Schedule 5.12 to the Information Certificate, (a) to each Loan Party’s knowledge, no properties or assets of any Loan Party or any of its Subsidiaries have ever been used by a Loan Party, its Subsidiaries, or by previous owners or operators in the disposal of, or to produce, store, handle, treat, release, or transport, any Hazardous Materials, where such disposal, production, storage, handling, treatment, release or transport was in violation, in any material respect, of any applicable Environmental Law, (b) to each Loan Party’s knowledge, after due inquiry, no Loan Party’s nor any of its Subsidiaries’ properties or assets have ever been designated or identified in any manner pursuant to any environmental protection statute as a Hazardous Materials disposal site, (c) no Loan Party nor any of its Subsidiaries has received notice that a Lien arising under any Environmental Law has attached to any revenues or to any Real Property owned or operated by a Loan Party or its Subsidiaries, and (d) no Loan Party nor any of its Subsidiaries nor any of their respective facilities or operations is subject to any outstanding written order, consent decree, or settlement agreement with any Person relating to any Environmental Law or Environmental Liability that, individually or in the aggregate, could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change.

  • Environmental Responsibility 44.1 GTE and DTI agree to comply with applicable federal, state and local environmental and safety laws and regulations including U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations issued under the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act and the Toxic Substances Control Act and OSHA regulations issued under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. Each Party has the responsibility to notify the other if Compliance inspections occur and/or citations are issued that impact any aspect of this Agreement such as occurring on a LEC Facility or involving DTI potential employee exposure.

  • Environmental Regulations The Contractor shall conduct activities in compliance with applicable laws and regulations and other requirements of the Contract relating to the environment and its protection at all times. Unless otherwise specifically determined, the Owner is responsible for obtaining and maintaining permits related to stormwater run-off. The Contractor shall conduct operations consistent with stormwater run-off permit conditions. Contractor is responsible for all items it brings to the Site, including hazardous materials, and all such items brought to the Site by its Subcontractors and suppliers, or by other entities subject to direction of the Contractor. The Contractor shall not incorporate hazardous materials into the Work without prior approval of Owner, and shall provide an affidavit attesting to such in association with the request for the Substantial Completion Inspection.

  • Environmental Safety Upon encountering any previously unknown potentially hazardous material, or other materials potentially contaminated by hazardous material, Contractor shall immediately stop work activities impacted by the discovery, secure the affected area, and notify the ODR immediately.

  • ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS No implications identified.

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