Exercise of the Right of First Refusal Sample Clauses
Exercise of the Right of First Refusal: Everything you need to know
The right of first refusal is a contract between two parties where the buyer has the contractual right to be the first one to accept or decline an offer put forward by the seller. Only after the buyer or holder has decided whether they wish to accept or refuse can the seller or grantor proceed further. Should the holder refuse, the grantor can seek other options.
A right of first refusal clause provides the holder with the first option to accept without an obligation to do so. Typically, such agreements are subject to a specific time duration. After the agreed period is over, the grantor is no longer obligated to come to the holder first with a proposal. A major industry where such clauses are a common occurrence is in the entertainment industry.
- The key features of the right of first refusal
- Right of first refusal vs the right of the first offer
- How to structure a right of first refusal?
- What are the advantages of a right of first refusal?
- What are the disadvantages of a right of first refusal?
- Right of first refusal in the context of the entertainment industry
The key features of the right of first refusal
- There is a limitation on the duration for which the right of refusal will be active, and this duration is clearly stated in the contract.
- All the parties involved must agree with who gets the benefits of the right of refusal clause. The other parties can, in turn, ask for additional clauses to be added to the contract during negotiations to safeguard their interests.
- The right of first refusal can be negotiated against either cash or kind. There are no prefixed criteria for either.
- During the negotiations wherein the details of the clause are finalized, the grantor and the holder can also agree to make the right transferable. In such a situation, if the holder sells or transfers their shares to another party during the contract term, the right of first refusal can also be transferred.
- There can be exceptions to the right, which need to be stated clearly in the contract beforehand.
Right of first refusal vs the right of the first offer
The Right to First Refusal is a legally binding contractual right, albeit with a few constraints and exceptions, that ascertains that the holder of the right gets the first opportunity of accepting or refusing a deal. Only after the holder has refused or missed their deadline can the grantor accept another party's offer.
Whereas the Right of First Offer simply means that the first offer for a deal must be extended to the right holder, while the grantor is under no obligation to complete the deal with them. The holder can give their response in the form of a proposal, and it is entirely up to the grantor to accept the holder's proposal or take up a better alternative instead.
How to structure a right of first refusal?
The five most crucial things to consider while drafting or negotiating the terms of a right of first refusal clause are stated below.
Deadlines
The deadlines need to be preset and agreed upon by both parties as they apply to the holder as well as the grantor. The grantor must have a set deadline for how soon they need to make a proposal to the holder after deciding on a project, and the holder must have a deadline for responding to the same.
Definitions
The agreement must state clear definitions for the benefit of the holder and the grantor. The definitions will determine precisely what type of proposals the grantor is obligated to take to the holder first. There could be constraints of circumstance, payment mode, or type of proposal to this obligation that all need to be defined clearly beforehand.
Exceptions
The exceptions to the right of first refusal must be agreed upon by both parties and stated in the contract. The clause will, hence, define and state the situations wherein the grantor is not obligated to provide the right to the holder and is free to make their proposal to any interested third party.
Extinguishment
Should the holder either fail to respond to the grantor's proposal within the deadline or refuse the proposal altogether, the proposal made by the grantor to the holder shall be cancelled. This is known as an extinguishment. Once extinguishment occurs, the holder cannot demand or exercise any right concerning the proposal, and the grantor is free to move on to any other interested party.
Transferability
The transferability of the clause, that is, if the right can be transferred from one person to another, needs to be decided beforehand. In a situation like the demise of either of the two parties involved, it must be stated in the contract what the consequences for the clause will be. Another case where transferability may be applicable is if the holder wishes to sell their shares of the company and transfer the right along with it.
Here is an article for a more detailed reference of structuring the first refusal.
What are the advantages of a right of first refusal?
The following points state the advantages of a right of first refusal.
- Negotiable terms: The terms of a right to first refusal clause are up for negotiation, and only after all the parties involved come to a mutual decision on what these terms should be, is the clause finalized and the contract signed.
- Insurance for the holder: The holder gets an assurance that their interests will be insured whichever way the company progresses.
- Blocking external competition: Typically for investors in a start-up, the right safeguards the interests of the investor by blocking out the external competition.
- Preferential buyers: There could be buyers that are preferred by the seller, like family and friends in a family-owned company. They can be given preferential treatment via the right of first refusal.
What are the disadvantages of a right of first refusal?
The following points state the disadvantages of a right of first refusal.
- Limits prospect for the grantor: While the seller could have sold to the highest bidder, they are forced by the contract to sell to the holder instead. This can negatively impact their potential profits.
- Could impact share prices: Selling at a lower price can, in turn, harm the share prices.
- Could cause lending issues: The low-profit generation can also impact the value of the company as collateral and subsequently hinder taking on loans for investment purposes.
Right of first refusal in the context of the entertainment industry
The most common example in the entertainment industry of the right to first refusal being exercised is when an author sells the rights to their novel or screenplay to a production house for a film adaptation. The contract may include a clause that prohibits the author from selling the rights related to the same story to another company.
However, the author can negotiate the terms of the contract and agree to a right of first refusal clause instead. The clause will enable them to look for other prospects should they decide to sell the rights to their story for another adaptation or sequel. Although the company, that is, the grantor in this situation, shall retain the right to be approached first with the proposal.
Only if the deal is extinguished with the company holding the contractual right can the author make a deal with a third party. The clause can, in such a case, mean denial of better prospects for the artist, which may or may not include financial gain. Some articles like this one further talk about the impact of this clause in the industry.
The right of refusal clause can protect investors to an extent by retaining their rights on a property (intellectual and otherwise). However, for the holder, this clause can be a bane, as they are obliged to approach the granter the next time.