Gas fields. The total theoretical storage capacity of gas fields in the Dutch part of the Continental Shelf is estimated at 1566 Mt in 153 gas fields (DHV & TNO, 2008). Correcting this number for transmissivity to be larger than
Gas fields. The total theoretical CO2 storage capacity of gas fields in the Dutch part of the Continental Shelf is estimated at 1566 Mt within 153 gas fields (DHV & TNO, 2008). The capacity volume is reduced if other constraints are applied. If screening criteria of transmissivity value greater than 0.25 Xxxxx.metre (Dm), storage capacity greater than 2.5 Mt and availability of platform and well infrastructure are applied, there is an effective storage capacity of 918 Mt remaining. Transmissivity is a measure for injectivity. This capacity value will decrease as gas reservoirs become abandoned and facilities dismantled after production has ceased, which indicates there will be a window of opportunity for re-use of the available gas infrastructure. In the current assessment of large-scale storage in gas fields a cut-off value of 10 Mt CO2 capacity was selected. The total theoretical capacity in gas fields larger than 2.5 Mt is 1,505 Mt, of which 329 Mt is present in gas fields with a size between 2.5 and 10 Mt, equal to about 22%. Applying the latter percentage to the total effective storage capacity gives an estimated effective capacity in fields larger than 10 Mt of 717 Mt CO2 (modified after DHV & TNO, 2008). The CO2ReMoVe, ISA, CATO, CATO2 and ROAD research projects and programmes looked into the development of offshore stores in gas reservoirs and aquifers in The Netherlands (Vandeweijer et al., 2018; Arts et al., 2012; Xxxxx et al., 20111; 2012), which resulted in the following stages of appraisal for selected storage sites: • FEED (Front End Engineering and Design) stage: Currently one gas reservoir, P18-4, has a permit and reached the FEED stage (ROAD Project). It has a CO2 storage capacity of about 8 Mt. In the storage readiness level (SRL) classification (Xxxxxxx et al., 2019) the P18-4 gas field is at SRL 7 (Table 4-1). • Feasibility stage: Several gas reservoirs, including P18-2, abandoned Q08-A, K12-B and P06-AB (known as P06-Main), have reached the feasibility stage. Their total storage capacity is estimated at 86 Mt (see Table 4-2). This group of potential storage sites straddles three levels of storage readiness: K12-B gas field is at SRL4, Q08-A and P06-AB are at SRL 5 and P18-2 is at SRL 6 (approaching SRL 7). • Screening stage: Several more gas reservoirs and cluster of gas reservoirs have been screened and noted as prospects for CO2 storage. These include the reservoir fields P15-9, P15-11, P15-13 and Q01-B (see Table 4-2) and the gas reservoir clus...
