GPS Guidance Systems Sample Clauses

GPS Guidance Systems. One specific component of ATR – its GPS guidance system – can, in some circumstances undertake the bulk of the target recognition task. GPS pinpoints the exact coordinates of a weapon system’s current geographical location, and the location of external sites and landmarks.274 Thus, it is vital for navigation (be that manned, remote or autonomous), and is a primary source of ‘Position, Navigation and Timing’ 268 Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx, Xx. and Xxxxx X. Xxxxxx, ‘Radar System Implementation’ in Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx (ed.), The Electronics Handbook (2nd ed., CRC, 2005) 1820. 269 Ibid. (explaining that MTI indicates the presence of a moving object (like an aircraft) amongst stationary background objects, like hills; while STI focuses on the intrinsic characteristics of a target and its clutter, such as their relative sizes). 270 ‘Boomerang III: State-of-the-Art Shooter Detection’, Raytheon <xxxxx://xxx.xxxxxxxx.xxx/capabilities/products/boomerang> accessed 18 May 2018. 271 ‘Boomerang Warrior-X: Wearable Shooter Detection System for Soldiers’, Raytheon <xxxxx://xxx.xxxxxxxx.xxx/capabilities/products/boomerang_warriorx> accessed 18 May 2018. 272 Xxxxx Xxxxxxx, ‘On Target with Boomerang III: Acoustic Sensing Technology’, Army Technology (30 May 2012) <xxxxx://xxx.xxxx-xxxxxxxxxx.xxx/features/featuredssi-boomerang-iii-dstl/> accessed 18 May 2018. 273 Tipping and cueing is where a predefined action (like gunfire) automatically directs other sensors towards the initial source, to progress from target indication to detection-confirmation and full target identification. 274 See ‘GPS: The Global Positioning System’ <xxxx://xxx.xxx.xxx/> accessed 18 May 2018. (PNT)275 data. Accordingly, GPS enables location recognition for engaging fixed targets such as a bridge, a permanent command post, or any other building that is prioritised for attack;276 and for avoiding fixed protected objects, like medical facilities or cultural property.277 As an additional check that the correct target is being selected, GPS/PNT data can be combined with the object recognition capability of the ATR.278 However, being transmitted from satellites that are 12,000 miles from Earth, GPS signals are notoriously weak and fragile, especially at low altitudes.279 Hence, they are vulnerable to jamming, hacking and spoofing,280 and this is what enabled Iran’s mid- air commandeering of a US stealth surveillance drone in 2011.281 Moreover, the return to Great Power Competition suggests that near-peer adversaries wi...