Health estimates Sample Clauses

Health estimates. By applying the C-R function for various health end points, we analyzed national health outcomes (both mortality and morbidity) due to the exposure of PM2.5 and O3. A detailed table with mean national cases attributed and/or avoided with lower and upper limits is presented in the Appendix Table A-6. The 95% CI in the table are based on the published CIs for RR. The reference we use is listed in Appendix Table A-1. Figure 11 shows the estimated national mortality and morbidity in 2050 by using three different present emission inventories, four future emission scenarios and eight population projections. Compared to the base year in January, an alleviated PM2.5 exposure under the four future emission scenarios would avoid ~5,833 to ~31,833 premature deaths from acute effects and ~7,167 to ~154,917 premature deaths from chronic effects under a M.V. population scenario in the Mainland China in 2050 January. In the same month, a maximum average ~54,667 cardiovascular hospital admission cases can be avoided, as well as a maximum mean ~92,000 respiratory hospital admission cases can be avoided due to the decrease in population-weighted PM2.5 exposure, under M.V. population scenario. In the same month, over 800,000 all-causes outpatient visits would be avoided by the improvement of air quality. In contrast to the large health benefits in January, PM2.5 exposure in July in 2050 contributed to more mortalities and morbidities or avoided less cases compared to the year 2008. Compared to the base year, increased PM2.5 exposure from WRF-Chem- XXXXX as the base year scenario and WRF-Chem-Air as the future scenario contributed to a mean of ~3,417 premature deaths from acute effects, and ~43,750 premature deaths from chronic effects (with a M.V. population scenario). Health benefits can only be found using WRF-Chem-REAS as the base year scenario and WRF-Chem-MTFR as the future scenario. In terms of the morbidity, most of the scenarios estimated a decrease in morbidity cases, which is shown in Figure 11-a. Opposite from the PM2.5 exposure, O3 exposures in 2050 compared to the base year predicted an increase in mortality and morbidity. In January, under a M.V. population scenario, WRF-Chem-MEIC combined with WRF-Chem-Air attributed to the highest mean premature deaths estimates (~16,000 cases) from acute effects of O3 exposure. The lowest was ~2,000 attributed cases from the combination of WRF-Chem-XXXXX and WRF-Chem-MTFR. Mean respiratory admission cases were higher than me...
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Related to Health estimates

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