Life Cycle Modeling Sample Clauses

Life Cycle Modeling. The modeling of the life cycle of fuel and vehicle use is the basis for the assessment of the environmental effects of electric vehicles compared to conventional vehicles. The main issue to be addressed is the choice of an average or marginal approach for assessing the impact of electricity generation on the LCA of EVs. Also, the co-product handling method can influence the LCA results. According to ISO 14040, one preferred way of dealing with co-products is avoiding allocation of energy and emissions burden among all products, but in many cases this is not practicable. For example, heat and electricity from CHP plants and the fate of various components recovered at the end of life can better be handled with different allocation methods, e.g. based on energy, mass, market value or exergy content, or by substitution of (displaced) conventional products. Here for CHP plants the emissions are allocated based on the energy content of the heat and electricity produced. As the modeling of battery production has a strong influence on the overall results, the following aspects must be documented in detail: • The influence of battery production in LCA of EVs, including the main environmental impacts and how they might be reduced in a future mass production of automotive batteries • The (expected/assumed) future development of automotive battery mass production • The influence of future recycling of automotive batteries. Today there is no infrastructure in place to recycle a huge amount of automotive batteries, but from an LCA perspective an efficient recycling of battery materials might significantly reduce environmental impacts of battery production
Sample 1
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