MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES OF THE BLACK SEA Sample Clauses

MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES OF THE BLACK SEA. The first large-scale metagenomic study of Black Sea microbial communities was conducted in the course of EMBLAS-II and EMBLAS-Plus projects. The research contributed to understanding of the overall structure and function of Black Sea microbial communities, their vertical distribution in water column and in sediments and their role in ecosystem response towards environmental pollution. Taxonomic diversity of microbes inhabiting both seawater and sediments was examined, the potential of microbial communities to degradepersistent organic pollutants and microplastics was investigated According to the World Health Organisation, antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to global health. The main danger in the context of antibiotic resistance is antibiotic resistance genes (ARG), because they can be distributed by horizontal gene transfer and switch the phenotype of pathogenic bacteria from non-resistant to the resistant one and can be acquired even from distantly related phyla (Xxxxxx et al., 2006). Hence, ARGsare assumed as emerging contaminants that can be found in various environments from hospitals/clinics to the pristine natural environments. ARGs targeting a wide spectrum of antibiotics, both broad spectrum (e.g., beta-lactams, macrolides) and last resort (vancomycin and colistin) antibiotics were found in the Black Sea surface water. Significantly higher ARG abundance was detected in the water of the coastal zone, especially in Ukraine, compared to the open water, indicatingthe problem of a very high concern in the region. The obtained sequences were uploaded in the open accessNCBI database. Metagenomic study of the water column and sediments during the JBSS 2016 has shown that deep-sea sediments contain bacteria able to degrade organic pollutant,swhich was confirmed by relatively low levels of pollution by organic chemical pollutants in those samples. Also, it has been found that Black Sea sediment microbial communities possess ability for plastic degradatio,nwhich can be comparable to the other biodegradation functions in its magnitude. A significant abundance of bacterioplankton and several features of its metabolism: high reproduction rate, the ability to decompose organic matter, and eventually completely utilize not only almost all known natural organic compounds, but also many xenobiotics, determine the extremely important function of bacterioplankton in the biogeochemical cycles of elements and se-lfcleaning processes occurring in mari...
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