Overview of RF Sample Clauses

Overview of RF. Power Amplifiers Used as Transmission Ampli- xxxxx‌ XX power amplifiers are usually divided into classes by operating method, efficiency, and power-output capability [5]. Conventional NQR uses a high power amplifier. In particular, there are many examples of using class-A and class-AB amplifiers [6, 7]. Class-A, AB, B, and C amplifiers are amplifiers that utilize the active region of the amplification element. They are classified by the thresholds of conduction against the gate bias. Class-A amplifiers are designed so that the transistors are always in the active region. They have high linearity, but they consume large amounts of power because the transistors are always operating even when the input is in the off state. Considering the voltage and the current at the drain terminal of the transistor, a class-A amplifier has a sinusoidal waveform with drain voltage and drain current of opposite phase. The instantaneous power consumption is represented by the product of the instantaneous voltage and the instantaneous current. The overlapping ratio of the voltage and the current is the power wasted as heat. In class-A operation, the overlap of the voltage and the current waveforms is bigger than other classes and the ideal class-A amplifier has an instantaneous efficiency of up to 50%. The amplification element of a class-B amplifier is biased so that only the positive side of the RF input signal is amplified. The transistor becomes active for half of the input signal period and the drain current becomes a half-sinusoidal wave. When an input voltage is below the threshold, no current flows into the transistor. An output voltage proportional to the amplitude of the input voltage is obtained only when the input voltage is above the threshold. The instantaneous efficiency changes according to the RF output voltage, and an ideal class-B amplifier can reach a 78.5% efficiency. Class-B amplifiers are typically more efficient than class-A amplifiers. The operating point of class-AB amplifiers is set between class-A and B, and the instan- taneous efficiency is also between the two classes. Class-C amplifiers have a more limited active region compared to class-B amplifiers and the transistor is biased to be active for less than half the RF cycle. The efficiency of a class-C amplifier can be set to 100% by decreasing the active region to zero, but this means the output power will decrease toward zero. Therefore, the efficiency of the typical design of a class-C amplifie...
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