Pre-2020 pledges. To achieve progress on pre-2020 pledges under Workstream 2, some Parties proposed the following steps for consideration by the ADP (UNFCCC 2013c): 22 Those with commitments under the Kyoto Protocol second commitment period (CP2) account for less than 14 % of global emissions today (Australia 2013b).
Pre-2020 pledges ambition The EU expected an outcome from COP19 that would result in real action to close the pre-2020 mitigation ambition gap. The Union stressesed the need to move to the next stage in work and consider what specific actions could be taken. Thus expected outcomes included an agreement on a process for all Parties to consider and present options for enhancing their mitigation effort in 2014. The EU had to ensure that progress is made on implementation and clarification of existing pledges, and continue to build pre-2020 accounting rules to avoid double-counting, and ensure environmental integrity in the system (EU 2013c). A decision in COP19 in Warsaw should also include outcomes of technical work on clustering key features of a common framework (e.g. metrics, gases and sectors, banking, use of market mechanisms, estimated emission reduction) to recommend further action to the COP on lessons learnt, including how it should be used for the review of biennial reports and during the IAR process (EU 2013d).
Pre-2020 pledges. Decision CP.21 also calls for enhanced action prior to 2020, which applies immediately, to ensure the ‘highest possible mitigation efforts’ (CP.21, 105). The level of post-2020 ambition by developing countries largely depends on the level of their pre-2020 ambition and achievement. That is why the ADP workstream 2 focused on the pre-2020 emission gap. Moreover, governments and investors will need to make investment decisions today to stay in line with the emission trajectories in 2025 or/and 2030. In 2016-2020, the Decision proposes to enhance the existing technical examination process on mitigation involving the technology and financial mechanisms of the Convention, and to establish a new one on adaptation (CP.21, 109, 124). The assessment of the process will take place in 2017 (CP.21, 113). The Decision reiterates the need of finance, technology and capacity-building support by developed countries to enhance the level of ambition by parties including developing countries. It ‘strongly urges’ developed countries to ‘scale up the level of finance with a roadmap to achieve the goal of jointly providing US$ 100 billion per year by 2020 for mitigation and adaptation while significantly increasing adaptation finance’ (CP.21, 114). The facilitative dialogue in 2016 also aims at identifying opportunities to enhance the provision of finance, technology and capacity-building support (CP.21, 115).
