Swimmer Hygiene and Pool Water Quality Sample Clauses

Swimmer Hygiene and Pool Water Quality. Swimmer hygiene studies The previously discussed studies on pool water quality and recreational water illnesses demonstrate the significant role that swimmer hygiene plays in maintaining a healthy swimming pool environment. In addition to these studies, various studies and surveys have been conducted that examine swimmer hygiene behaviors and the implications of these behaviors on pool water quality. Xxxxxx, Schets, Schijven, Xxxxxxx, and xxx Xxxx (2012) conducted a study on initial anthropogenic pollutant release in swimming pools. The study utilized a standardized shower cabin in a laboratory and on- site swimming pools to measure anthropogenic pollutant release. Initial anthropogenic pollutant release consisted of chemicals and microorganisms released by bathers in the first 60 seconds of showering, the timeframe in which the most pollutants were released. The microorganisms tested included E. coli, enterococci, and staphylococci. The study found that staphylococci were the highest microorganisms detected in the shower water with a range of 1.0 x 104 – 2.2 x 109 per 100 ml. E. coli had a range of 2.5 x 101 – 1.9 x 106 per 100 ml of shower water and intestinal enterococci had a range of 1.7 x 101 – 7.0 x 105 per 100 ml of shower water. The detection of staphylococci in greater numbers indicated that pre-swim showering was more effective at dislodging skin pathogens than fecal pathogens. As explained in the study, this could have been due to the short showering time of 2 minutes and swimmers wearing full swimwear. This studied demonstrated that pre-swim showering reduces the amount of pollutants that swimmers introduce into pool water, thereby leading to a decrease in DBP formation and chlorine demand. Another study done by this group regarding anthropogenic pollutants released in swimming pools found that unhygienic behaviors such as not showering before swimming and urinating in the pool causes the largest amount, 63%, of total pollutants released (Xxxxxx et al., 2014). In examining swimmer hygienic behaviors Xxxxxxxxxxx C., Xxxxxxxx, Napoli, Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxxx X.X., Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxxx, Auxilia, Gallè, Xx Xxxxxxx, Tafuri, Xxxxxxxxxx, & Xxxxxxx, (2014) found a significant association between swimmers not reading pool rules and unhygienic behaviors. The association between not reading the pool rules and behaviors such as not showering had an odds ratio of 1.44, 95% CI 1.25-1.65 and urinating in the pool had an odds ratio of 1.70, 95% CI 1.41-2.03. Questi...
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Related to Swimmer Hygiene and Pool Water Quality

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