Taxonomies and Tools Sample Clauses

Taxonomies and Tools. It has been a long-lasting challenge for researchers to define the effective psychological determinants that make people engage in healthy behaviours [111]. Interventions often led to change in behaviours but not in the supposed underlying psychological determinants [111]. Reliable evidence was previously hard to accumulate as interventions were generally poorly reported. In the past years, these determinants have been drawn to the centre of the discussion in the overall behavioural sciences in order to increase replicability [9]. Therefore, comprehensive listings of behaviour change techniques have been collected and classified in order to standardise the techniques used in interventions and thus enable further comparison and analysis (see e.g. [112][113][114][9] or [115]). Thus, a growing number of meta-analyses and literature reviews explain the mechanisms that lead to action. Health behaviour targeting interventions are often complex and include several simultaneous, often interacting elements [9]. In order to increase replicability and evidence syntheses when reporting behaviour change techniques in PRECIOUS, we have chosen to refer to the taxonomies that standardise health psychological terminology. The two most relevant taxonomies are 1) the XXXX-RE taxonomy of [9] which lists 40 behaviour change techniques related to PA and healthy eating, and 2) a new behaviour change technique taxonomy (v1) of 93 hierarchically clustered techniques, building an international consensus for the reporting of behaviour change interventions [116]. Work with taxonomies has led to observations that certain techniques are more effective in achieving behaviour change. In a review and meta-regression of healthy eating and PA interventions [115], self-monitoring (comparing actual performance to behavioural goal) was found to be the most effective technique, especially when combined with other techniques derived from Control Theory [117][118]. As behaviour change techniques associated with control theory have a strong evidence-base in behaviour change research [115], a simplified model of the theory will be presented here. The basic principle of the Control Theory is a discrepancy reduction loop in which individuals aim to decrease the difference between their actual behaviour and their behavioural goal. If a discrepancy is found, individuals adjust by behavioural or internal changes [119]. This change is triggered by setting or modifying a behavioural goal and by action pla...
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