THE ORIGINS OF VISA FACILITATION: THE PRELUDE Sample Clauses

THE ORIGINS OF VISA FACILITATION: THE PRELUDE. 1.1. The Kaliningrad issue 1.1.1. The specific situation of Kaliningrad and the transit problem309 The Russian oblast Kaliningrad is geographically situated between Lithuania and Poland. The capital of the region is also called Kaliningrad. Before and during Word War II, the city and its surroundings were part of Germany and was known as Königsberg. The Germans abandoned it after World War II and as part of the 309 The facts are extracted from Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx and others, Kaliningrad Transit: Secure Borders, Free Movement (Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx ed, Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxx tr, International Organisation for Migration 2005). post war settlement, the city and its immediate surroundings became part of Russia and the Soviet Union and were henceforth known as the oblast Kaliningrad. During the Cold War period, the situation was relatively stable: the region was of strategic importance for the Soviet Union and a significant numbers of military personnel were based there. Things began to change with the collapse of the Soviet Union. Since the region had been repopulated after World War II with ethic Russians, the region became part of the Russian Federation. The region however lost its link with the Russian motherland, since Lithuania regained its independence, along with the other Baltic States. This posed a problem: Russians living in Kaliningrad could no longer travel freely to the rest of Russia and vice versa. Although the relations between the Baltic States and Russia have not been good, Lithuania understood that the transit of Russians over its territory could be a problem and sympathised with the Russian side. In 1991 Lithuania and the Soviet Union agreed that a comprehensive agreement on the issue had to be concluded. Xxxx and harsh negotiations followed, but in 1995 a compromise was reached. An agreement laid down legal foundations for the travel of nationals of both countries and the transit procedure through Lithuania. The agreement was considered to install a very liberal visa procedure, since Russian nationals living in the Kaliningrad region had the right to visa-free travel, when passing through Lithuania. 1.1.2. Accession of Lithuania to the EU poses new problems
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