Treatment of PD Sample Clauses

Treatment of PD. PD is generally progressive, and currently there is no effective treatment to halt or slow down the progression of the disease. Current therapies can only relieve the symptoms to some degree. Because dopamine level in the basal ganglia of the brain is reduced in PD, the mainstream therapies aim to restore DAergic signaling by either providing the precursor for DA synthesis, using DA agonists to activate DA receptors, or inhibiting the metabolism of DA by inhibiting monoamine oxidase B (9). Dopamine can not cross the brain-blood-barrier (BBB), so it can not be given peripherally and is not of great clinical value. L-levodopa (L-dopa) is the immediate precursor of dopamine synthesis and can cross BBB. L-dopa is converted to dopamine by dopa decarboxylase in both periphery and brain. To increase the bioavailability of L- dopa in the brain, it is usually given in combination with a peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibitor (carbidopa). L-dopa can be metabolized to 3-O-methyldopa (3-OMD) via catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and this will reduce the level of dopamine reaching the brain. To prevent peripheral L-dopa from being metabolized to 3-OMD, selective COMT inhibitors (tolcapone and entacapone) are sometimes used in adjunct with L-dopa. L-dopa is most effective for relieving bradykinesia, rigidity and gait stability in the first few years of treatment. Patients could become less responsive to L- dopa treatment over time, possibly due to gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons or desensitization of dopamine receptors. Long-term usage of L-dopa may lead to an on-off side effect. During the off period, the patients present with akinesia (inability to initiate movement) and during the on period, they have improved mobility but present with dyskinesia (diminished voluntary movement and presence of involuntary movement). Co- administration of COMT inhibitors have been shown to reduce the dosage of L-dopa and the fluctuations of response to L-dopa, therefore prolonging the effectiveness of L-dopa therapy (9). Dopamine receptor agonists directly activate dopamineric signaling without requiring enzymatic conversion or producing toxic metabolites. They can selectively activate a subset of dopamine receptors, thus limiting side effects. Dopamine agonists do not generally lead to on-off effects or dyskinesia, and are commonly used when patients do not respond L-dopa or can no longer tolerate the side effects of L-dopa. However, desensitization of receptors will develop o...
AutoNDA by SimpleDocs

Related to Treatment of PD

  • Treatment of Property All property purchased or furnished by DSHS for use by the Contractor during this Contract term shall remain with DSHS. Title to all property purchased or furnished by the Contractor for which the Contractor is entitled to reimbursement by DSHS under this Contract shall pass to and vest in DSHS. The Contractor shall protect, maintain, and insure all DSHS property in its possession against loss or damage and shall return DSHS property to DSHS upon Contract termination or expiration.

  • Future Treatment of Unallowable Costs Unallowable Costs shall be separately determined and accounted for by Defendants, and Defendants shall not charge such Unallowable Costs directly or indirectly to any contracts with the United States or any State Medicaid program, or seek payment for such Unallowable Costs through any cost report, cost statement, information statement, or payment request submitted by Defendants or any of their subsidiaries or affiliates to the Medicare, Medicaid, TRICARE, or FEHBP Programs.

  • Treatment of Passthru Payments and Gross Proceeds The Parties are committed to work together, along with Partner Jurisdictions, to develop a practical and effective alternative approach to achieve the policy objectives of foreign passthru payment and gross proceeds withholding that minimizes burden.

  • TREATMENT OF FRINGE BENEFITS The fringe benefits are charged using the rate(s) listed in the Fringe Benefits Section of this Agreement. The fringe benefits included in the rate(s) are listed below. TREATMENT OF PAID ABSENCES Vacation, holiday, sick leave pay and other paid absences are included in salaries and wages and are claimed on grants, contracts and other agreements as part of the normal cost for salaries and wages. Separate claims are not made for the cost of these paid absences.

  • National Treatment and Non-Discrimination 1. With respect to all laws, regulations, procedures and practices regarding government procurement covered by this Chapter, each Party shall provide immediately and unconditionally to the goods, services and suppliers of another Party a treatment no less favourable than that accorded by it to domestic goods, services and suppliers.

  • Surface Treatments The Project Area is covered by a layer of mulch permeable to air and water, including, but not limited to rock, bark, ungrouted stepping stones and artificial turf manufactured to be permeable or a high- density planting of living groundcover plants. There are no impermeable barriers that would inhibit the passage of air and/or water to the soil. APN: 161-06-701-001 When Recorded, Return To: Southern Nevada Water Authority Conservation Division P.O. Box 99956 MS 110 Las Vegas, Nevada 89193-9956 EXHIBIT “D” CONSERVATION EASEMENT This Grant of Conservation Easement (“Easement”) is made by the Xxxxx County School District, a political subdivision of the State of Nevada, as the grantor, (“Owner”) and the Southern Nevada Water Authority (“Authority”), a political subdivision of the State of Nevada, as the holder.

  • Protection and Treatment of Investments 1. Each Contracting Party shall protect within its territory investments made in accordance with its laws and regulations by investors of the other Contracting Party and shall not impair by unreasonable or discriminatory measures the management, maintenance, use, enjoyment, extension, sale and should it so happen, liquidation of such investments.

  • Consent to Transportation and Medical Treatment I consent to the use of first aid treatment and the use of generic and over-the-counter medications and treatments as directed by manufacturer labels, whether administered by the Released Parties or first aid personnel. In an emergency, I understand the Released Parties may try to contact the individual listed below as an emergency contact. If an emergency contact cannot be reached promptly, I hereby authorize the Released Parties to act as an agent for me to consent to any examination, testing, x-rays, medical, dental or surgical treatment for me as advised by a physician, dentist or other health care provider. This includes, but is not limited to, my assessment, evaluation, medical care and treatment, anesthesia, hospitalization, or other health care treatment or procedure as advised by a physician, dentist or other health care provider. I also authorize the Released Parties to arrange for transportation of me as deemed necessary and appropriate in their discretion. I, the Volunteer, do hereby release, forever discharge and hold harmless the Released Parties from any liability, claim, demand, and action whatsoever brought by me or on my behalf which arises or may hereafter arise on account of any transportation, first aid, assessment, care, treatment, response or service rendered in connection with my Activities with any of the Released Parties. If the Volunteer is less than 18 years of age, the parent(s) having legal custody and/or the legal guardian(s) of the Volunteer also hereby release, forever discharge and hold harmless the Released Parties from any liability, claim, demand and action whatsoever brought by such volunteer or on his/her behalf which arises or may hereafter arise on account of the decision by any representative or agent of the Released Parties to exercise the power to transport, administer first aid, and consent to assessment, examination, x-rays, medical, dental, surgical or other such health care treatment as set forth in the Parental Authorization for Treatment of, and Travel With, a Minor Child.

  • Xxx Treatment We have not promised you any particular tax outcome from buying or holding the Note.

  • Emergency Medical Treatment I grant the Releasees permission to authorize emergency medical treatment as they deem appropriate, and agree that such action by the Releasees shall be subject to the terms of this Agreement. I understand and agree that the Releasees assume no responsibility for any injury or damage that might result from such emergency medical treatment.

Time is Money Join Law Insider Premium to draft better contracts faster.