LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY OPERATING AGREEMENT
Exhibit 2.1
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LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY OPERATING AGREEMENT
of
LK SECURED LENDING REG A FUND, LLC
A California limited liability company
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This Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement (the βAgreementβ) of LK Secured Lending Reg A Fund, LLC, a California limited liability company (the βCompanyβ or βFundβ), is by and among LK Advisors, Inc., a California corporation (the βInitial Memberβ or βManagerβ), and each additional Person who becomes a Member in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement. Any capitalized terms used herein but not defined herein shall have the meaning ascribed to them in the Offering Circular dated November 4, 2020, as amended from time to time (the "Offering Circular").
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RECITALS
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The Company is a limited liability company formed under the California Revised Uniform Limited Liability Company Act, as amended. The parties to this Agreement are the Initial Member and those additional Persons who are subsequently admitted as Members in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement. The parties intend by this Agreement to define their rights and obligations with respect to the Companyβs governance and financial affairs and to adopt regulations and procedures for the conduct of the Companyβs activities. Accordingly, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is mutually acknowledged, the parties agree as follows:
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ARTICLE 1: DEFINITIONS
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1.1Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Scope. For purposes of this Agreement, unless the language or context clearly indicates that a different meaning is expressed or intended, all capitalized terms used herein have the meanings specified in this Article 1.
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1.2 | Defined Terms. |
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(a)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β βActβ means the California Revised Uniform Limited Liability Company Act , as amended from time to time.
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(b)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β βAffiliate,β with respect to a Person, means (1) a Person that, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with the Affiliate, (2) a Person who owns or controls at least Ten Percent (10%) of the outstanding voting interests of the Affiliate, (3) a Person who is an officer, director, manager or general partner of the Affiliate, or (4) a Person who is an officer, director, manager, general partner, trustee or owner of at least Ten Percent (10%) of the outstanding voting interests of an Affiliate described in clauses (1) through (3) of this sentence.
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(c) | βAgreementβ means this Agreement, including any subsequent amendments |
thereto.
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(d)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β βArticlesβ means the Articles of Organization filed with the Secretary of State to organize the Company as a limited liability company, including any subsequent amendments thereto.
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(e)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β βAssets Under Managementβ means the total Company assets, including notes (at book value), real estate owned (at the lower of cost or fair market value), accounts receivable, advances made to protect loan security, unamortized organizational expenses, cash and any other Company assets.
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(f)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β βBankruptcyβ means the filing of a petition seeking liquidation, reorganization, arrangement, readjustment, protection, relief or composition in any state or federal bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or receivership proceeding.
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(g)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β βCapital Accountβ of a Member means the capital account maintained for such Member. The balance of the Capital Account of a Member, determined as set forth in Section 4.6 below, shall herein be referred to as the βCapital Account Balance.β
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(h) | βCodeβ means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time. |
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(i)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β βContributionβ means anything of value that a Member contributes to the Company as a prerequisite for, or in connection with, membership including (without limitation) any combination of cash, property, services rendered, a promissory note or any other obligation to contribute cash or property or render services.
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(j)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β βDissociationβ means a complete termination of a Memberβs membership in the Company due to an event described in Article 3 hereof.
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(k)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β βDistributionβ means the Companyβs direct or indirect transfer of money or other property to a Member with respect to a Membership Interest.
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(l)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β βEffective Dateβ means the date on which the Companyβs existence as a limited liability company begins, as prescribed by the Act.
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(m)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β βEntityβ means an association, relationship or artificial person through or by means of which an enterprise or activity may be lawfully conducted, including, without limitation, a partnership, trust, limited liability company, corporation, joint venture, cooperative or association.
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(n)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β βERISAβ means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended from time to time, and any successor thereto.
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(o)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β βFamily,β with respect to a Member, means any individual(s) who are related to the Member by blood, marriage or adoption. For the purposes of this definition, an individual is related to the Member by marriage if the person is related by blood or adoption to the Memberβs current spouse.
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(p) | βInitial Memberβ means the persons identified above as the Initial Member. |
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(q)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β βMajorityβ means more than Fifty Percent (50%) of the outstanding Membership Interests in the Company.
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(r)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β βManagerβ means a Person who is vested with authority to manage the Company in accordance with Article 5 hereof.
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(s)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β βMemberβ means any Initial Member or any Person who is admitted as an additional or a substitute Member after the Effective Date, in accordance with Article 3 hereof.
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(t)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β βMembership Interestβ means a Memberβs unit in the form of membership interests in the Company. A Memberβs ownership unit in the Company, which consists of the Memberβs right to share in profits, receive Distributions, participate in the Companyβs governance and approve the Companyβs acts under Article 5.4 hereof, participate in the designation and removal of the Manager and receive information pertaining to the Companyβs affairs. A Memberβs ownership unit in the Company shall equal to a Memberβs units divided by the aggregate units of all Members. Changes in Membership Interests after the Effective Date, including, but not limited to, those changes necessitated by the admission and Dissociation of Members, will be reflected in the Companyβs records. The allocation of Membership Interests as reflected in the Companyβs records from time to time is presumed to be correct for purposes of this Agreement and the Act.
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(u)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β βMinimum Gainβ means minimum gain as defined in Sections 1.704-2(b)(2) and 1.704-2(d) of the Regulations.
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(v)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β βNet Profitsβ means the Companyβs gross income less (1) the Companyβs operating expenses (including payment of outstanding debt (if any), administrative costs, legal expenses and accounting fees) (2) an allocation of income for a loan loss reserve; (3) payment of the Asset Management Fee and any other fees to the Manager.
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(w) | βOffering Circularβ shall mean the Offering Circular of the Company, dated as of |
, 2020, as amended from time to time.
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(x)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β βPermitted Transferee,β with respect to a Member, means another Member, a member of the Memberβs Family, or a trust for the benefit of the Member or a member of the Memberβs Family.
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(y) | βPersonβ means a natural person or an Entity. |
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(z)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β βPlatform Feeβ has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 4.4(c)(4). (aa) βPreferred Returnβ has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 4.4(a).
(bb) βProfit,β as to a positive amount, and βLoss,β as to a negative amount, mean, for a Taxable Year, the Companyβs income or loss for the Taxable Year, as determined in accordance with accounting principles appropriate to the Companyβs method of accounting and consistently applied.
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(cc) βRegulationsβ means proposed, temporary or final regulations promulgated under the Code by the U.S. Department of the Treasury, as amended from time to time.
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(dd) βServicerβ refers to the servicer of the Company Loans.
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(ee) βSubscription Agreementβ means the Subscription Agreement included as Exhibit 4 to the Offering Circular.
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(ff) βTaxable Yearβ means the Companyβs taxable year as determined in Article 6
hereof.
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(gg) βTransfer,β as a noun, means a transaction or event by which ownership of any Membership Interest is changed or encumbered, including, without limitation, a sale, exchange, abandonment, gift, pledge or foreclosure. βTransfer,β as a verb, means to affect a Transfer.
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(hh) βTransfer Agentβ means, with respect to any Membership Interest, such bank, trust company, or other Person (including the Company or one of its Affiliates) as shall be appointed from time to time by the Company to act as registrar and transfer agent for such Membership interests, provided that if no Transfer Agent is specifically designated for such Membership Interests, the Company shall act in such capacity.
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(ii)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β βTransfereeβ means a Person who acquires any Membership Interest by Transfer from a Member or another Transferee not admitted as a Member in accordance with Article 3 hereof.
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ARTICLE 2: THE COMPANY
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2.1Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Status. The Company is a limited liability company organized in the State of California under the Act.
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2.2 | Name. The name of the Company is LK Secured Lending Reg A Fund, LLC. |
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2.3Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Term. The Companyβs existence as a limited liability company will commence on the Effective Date and continue until dissolved herein pursuant to Article 7 below, unless sooner dissolved or terminated under the Act or as described herein.
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2.4Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Purpose. The purpose of the Company is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which a limited liability company may be organized under the Act; provided that, subject to the foregoing, the Company presently intends to raise money through the offering of Membership Interests (the βOfferingβ) in order to make, fund, originate, refinance, purchase, sell and/or otherwise acquire loans (βLoansβ) secured by interests in real or personal property located throughout the United States. The Company may also manage, remodel, repair, lease, and/or sell real properties acquired through the Companyβs lending activities, including but not limited to, properties acquired through foreclosure and REO properties.
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2.5 | Principal Place of Business. The Companyβs principal place of business is located at: 000 |
X. Xxxxxxxxx Xxxx., Xxxxx 000, Xxx Xxxxxxx, XX 00000.
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2.6Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Registered Agent and Registered Office. The Companyβs registered office in the State of California is located at: 000 X. Xxxxxxxxx Xxxx., Xxxxx 000, Xxx Xxxxxxx, XX 00000 and the named of the registered agent is Xxx Xxxx, Esq., an individual. The Company may change its registered agent or registered office at any time for any reason (or no reason).
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2.7Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Qualification in Other Jurisdictions. The Manager may cause the Company to be qualified or registered in any jurisdiction in which the Company transacts business and shall be authorized to execute, deliver and file any certificates and documents necessary to effect such qualification or registration.
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ARTICLE 3: MEMBERSHIP
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3.1 | Identification. |
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(a)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Members. A Person shall be admitted as a Member and shall become bound by the terms of this Agreement if such Person purchases or otherwise lawfully acquires Membership Interests in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement and the Offering Circular. A Person may become a Member only with the consent and approval of the Manager, whose consent may be denied or withheld in its sole and absolute discretion. The Manager will be the Initial Member of the Company. Upon admission of additional Members, the Manager may withdraw as a Member of the Company, but shall continue to serve as Manager. in addition, nothing contained herein shall be deemed to prohibit the Manager from increasing its interest in the Company on the same basis as any other Person. The Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of Membership Interests, all of which shall be issued in accordance with the provisions of the Offering Circular and Article 3 of this Agreement.
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(b)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Additional and Substitute Members. The Company may admit additional or substitute Members with the sole approval of the Manager. Except as set forth herein, the Manager may withhold approval of the admission of any Person for any or no reason. The Manager will not permit any person to become a member until such person has agreed to be bound by all the provisions of this Operating Agreement as amended as of the date of the proposed admission, and the terms of the Offering Circular, and has delivered to the Company a completed Subscription Agreement along with payment in the amount of such investment.
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(c)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Rights of Additional or Substitute Members. A Person admitted as an additional or substitute Member has all the rights and powers, and is subject to all the restrictions and obligations of a Member under this Agreement and the Act.
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(d)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β General Rights of Members. Except to the extent expressly provided in this Agreement: (i) no Member shall be entitled to the withdrawal or return of its Capital Contribution, except to the extent, if any, that distributions made pursuant to this Agreement or upon dissolution or termination of the Company may be considered as such by law and then only to the extent provided for in this Agreement; (ii) no Member shall have priority over any other Member as to the return of Capital Contributions or as to distributions, unless as set forth in this Agreement; and (iii) no Member, in its capacity as such, shall participate in the operation or management of the business of the Company, transact any business in the Companyβs name or have the power to sign documents for or otherwise bind the Company by reason of being a Member.
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3.2 | Transfer of Membership Interests. |
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(a)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Membership Interests Registry. The Company shall keep or cause to be kept on behalf of the Company a register of the Members of the Company. The Company may, but shall not be required to, appoint a Transfer Agent registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as such.
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(b)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Manager Discretion of Transfer. The Manager may accept or reject subscription, including Transfer, to acquire Membership Interests for any reason, in the sole discretion of the Manager.
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3.3Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Redemptions and Withdrawals. Members will be required to hold their Membership Interests for a minimum of Twelve (12) months before they may request to withdraw from the Company and have their Membership Interests redeemed. Thereafter, a Member may request withdrawal from the Company and give at least Ninety (90) daysβ prior written notice prior to the Manager. The Company will use its best efforts to return capital subject to, among other things, the Companyβs then cash flow, financial condition, and prospective investments in assets. Furthermore, any Member requesting redemption will be responsible for any third-party costs incurred in effecting such redemption, including but not limited to, bank transaction charges, custody fees, and/or Transfer Agent charges (as applicable).
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A Member's redemption amount shall be based on the capital account balance with the Company. In requesting for redemption, the Member shall specify the amount the Member requests to withdraw and shall be subject to the Manager's approval. While the Company intends to allow Members to request redemptions on an ongoing basis, the Company has imposed limitations on the amount of individual redemption requests in order to maintain liquidity to satisfy redemption requests without impacting the Companyβs ability to invest in Loans and properties. Accordingly, each request for withdrawal or redemption shall be limited to per Member to withdraw the requested amount; provided, however, that the maximum aggregate amount of capital that the Company will return to the Members each fiscal year is limited to Ten Percent (10%) of the total outstanding capital of the Company. Withdrawal requests will be processed by the Company on a first-come, first-served basis.
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The above requirements regarding the withdrawal amount and the timing of any specific withdrawal may be modified by the Manager, in its sole and absolute discretion, based on, amongst other things, the Company's current cash flow, the amount of the Company's reserves, and the Company's then- current financial condition. However, in the event that the Company amends, suspends or terminates withdrawals, the Company will file an offering circular supplement and/or Form 1-U, as necessary, and inform Members of such amendment.
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The Manager may at any time suspend the withdrawal of funds from the Company, upon the occurrence of any of the following circumstances: (i) whenever, as a result of events, conditions or circumstances beyond the control or responsibility of the Manager or the Company, disposal of the assets of the Company is not reasonably practicable without being detrimental to the interests of the Company or its Members, determined in the sole and absolute discretion of the Manager; or (ii) if the Manager has determined to dissolve the Company. Notice of any suspension will be given within Ten (10) business days from the time the decision was made to suspend distributions to any Member who has submitted a withdrawal request and to whom full payment of the redemption proceeds has not yet been remitted. If a redemption request is not rescinded by a Member following notification of a suspension, the redemption will be effected as of the last day of the calendar month in which the suspension is lifted.
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3.4Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Expulsion of a Member. At any time there are more than Two (2) Members, the Company may expel a Member, but only for cause. Cause for expulsion exists if the Member has materially breached this Agreement, is unable to perform the Member's material obligations under this Agreement, or if the Manager suspects the Member has violated federal or state law, rules, and regulations or the Member is under investigation by the federal, state, and/or local authorities, subject to the sole and absolute discretion and notwithstanding any of the withdrawal restrictions described herein. If a Member is expelled, that Member forfeits any and all rights to any accrued distribution during the interim quarter whether or not the withdrawal is partial or total. A Member's expulsion from the Company will be effective upon the Member's receipt of written notice of the expulsion.
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3.5Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Return of Capital. Subject to the terms contained herein, the Company may return all or a portion of a Member's capital at the Manager's discretion. Any such return of capital would not be considered a Distribution and would not be included in the determination of such Member's return on investment. However, any such return of capital would reduce the Memberβs Membership Interest in the Company. Thus, if Manager elects to return all of Memberβs capital, Member shall no longer be a Member in the Company and the Member would be considered to have withdrawn or to have elected redemption from the Company.
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3.6Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Upon Dissociation. Dissociation from the Company occurs upon a Memberβs expulsion, transfer or redemption of all of the Memberβs Membership Interests, withdrawal or resignation (an βEvent of Dissociationβ). Upon the occurrence of an Event of Dissociation: (1) the Member's right to participate in the Company's governance, receive information concerning the Company's affairs and inspect the Company's books and records will terminate; and (2) unless the Dissociation resulted from the Transfer of the Member's Membership Interests, the Member will be entitled to receive the Distributions to which the Member would have been entitled as of the effective date of the Dissociation had the Dissociation not occurred. The Member will remain liable for any obligation to the Company that existed prior to the effective date of the Dissociation, including any costs or damages resulting from the Member's breach of this Agreement. Under most circumstances, the Member will have no right to any return of his or her capital prior to the termination of the Company unless the Manager elects to return capital to a Member. The effect of such Dissociation on the remaining Members who do not sell will be to increase their percentage share of the remaining assets of the Company, and thus their proportionate share of its future earnings, losses and Distributions. The reduction in the outstanding Membership Interests will also increase the relative voting power of remaining Members.
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3.7Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Verification of Membership Interest. Within Thirty (30) days after receipt of a Member's written request, the Company will provide such Member with a statement evidencing his, her, or its Membership Interest in the Company.
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3.8 | Manner of Action by Members. |
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(a) | Meetings. |
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(1)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Right to Call. The Manager, or any combination of Members holding in the aggregate more than Seventy-Five Percent (75%) of the total outstanding Membership Interest, may call a meeting of Members by giving written notice to all Members and the Manager not less than Thirty (30), or more than Sixty (60) days prior to the date of the meeting. The notice must specify the date, time and place of the meeting and the nature of any business to be transacted. A Member may waive notice of a meeting of Members orally, in writing, or by attendance at the meeting.
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(2)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Time and Place. Unless otherwise specified in the notice of meeting, all meetings shall be held at 2:00 p.m. on a regular business day of the Company, at the Company's principal place of business. No meeting may be held on a Sunday or legal holiday; at a time that is before 7:30 a.m. or after 9:00 p.m.; or at a place more than Sixty (60) miles from the Company's principal place of business.
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(3)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Proxy Voting. A Member may act at a meeting of Members through a Person authorized by signed proxy.
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(4)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Quorum. Members whose aggregate holdings exceed a Majority of the outstanding Membership Interest will constitute a quorum at a meeting of Members. No action may be taken in the absence of a quorum.
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(5)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Required Vote. Except with respect to matters for which a greater minimum vote is required by the Act or this Agreement, the vote of Members present whose aggregate holdings exceed a Majority of the outstanding Membership Interests will constitute the act of the Members at a meeting of Members.
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(b)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Written Consent. The Members may act without a meeting by written consent describing the action and signed by Members whose aggregate holdings of the Membership Interest equal or exceed the minimum that would be necessary to take the action at a meeting at which all Members were present.
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3.9Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Limitation on Individual Authority. A Member who is not also the Manager has no authority to bind the Company. A Member whose unauthorized act obligates the Company to a third party will indemnify the Company for any costs or damages the Company incurs as a result of the unauthorized act.
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3.10Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Negation of Fiduciary Duties. A Member who is not also the Manager owes no fiduciary duties to the Company or to the other Members solely by reason of being a Member.
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3.11Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Obligations and Liabilities of the Company. Excepted as otherwise provided in the Act, the debts, obligations, and liabilities of the Company, whether arising in tort, contract, or otherwise, shall be solely the debts, obligations and liabilities of the Company, and the Members shall not be obligated personally for any such debt, obligations, or lability of the Company solely by reason of being a Member.
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3.12Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β ERISA Considerations. The Manager intends to limit the equity participation by βbenefit plan investorsβ (as defined in Section 3(42) of ERISA) in the Company to less than Twenty-Five Percent (25%) of Membership Interests in the Company, to the extent required.
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3.13Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Redemptions in Connection with ERISA. Notwithstanding any provision contained herein to the contrary, upon demand by the Manager, the Company shall redeem any or all of the Membership Interests held any by Member in order for the Company to remain exempt from the ERISA plan asset regulations.
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ARTICLE 4: FINANCE
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4.1 | Contributions. |
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(a)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Initial Member. The Manager will be the Initial Member of the Company. The Capital Contributions made to the Company by the Members are set forth on Schedule 1 to this Agreement. The Company will amend Schedule 1 from time to time to reflect additional Capital Contributions made to the Company.
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(b)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Additional Members. The Company may admit additional or substitute Members with the sole approval of the Manager. Except as set forth herein, the Manager may withhold approval of the admission of any Person for any or no reason. The Manager will not permit any person to become a member until such person has agreed to be bound by all the provisions of this Agreement as amended as of the date of the proposed admission, and the terms of the Offering Circular, and has delivered to the Company a completed Subscription Agreement along with payment in the amount of such investment. Membersβ subscription funds will be deposited to the operating bank account of the Company and Membership Interests will be issued to such Members.
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(c)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Additional Contributions. The Company may authorize additional Contributions at such times and on such terms and conditions as it determines to be in its best interest. Absent the Company's authorization, no Member is permitted to make additional Contributions.
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(d)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Contributions Not Interest Bearing. A Member is not entitled to interest or other compensation with respect to any cash or property the Member contributes to the Company.
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4.2Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Allocation of Profit and Loss. After giving effect to special allocations, if any, the Company's Profit or Loss for a Taxable Year, including the Taxable Year in which the Company is dissolved, will be allocated among the Members in proportion to their Capital Account Balances during the applicable tax reporting period.
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4.3Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Tax Allocations. For federal income tax purposes, unless the Code otherwise requires, each item of the Company's income, gain, loss or deduction will be allocated to the Members in proportion to their allocations of the Company's Profit or Loss.
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4.4 | Distributions. |
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(a)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β The Preferred Return. Members will generally be entitled to receive an annualized Preferred Return calculated by reference to their capital account balances, payable after the end of each quarter (and prorated as applicable for the amount of time that a Member was a member of the Company during such quarter) (the βPreferred Returnβ). This Preferred Return will be payable prior to any other distributions to Members (however, all expenses and fees other than profit participation will be paid to the Manager and any allocation of income for a loan loss reserve will be made prior to the distribution of the Preferred Return). The Preferred Return for any Member shall be equal to a non-cumulative annualized rate of Seven Percent (7%), calculated and payable on a quarterly basis.
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In addition, in the event that the Company does not have funds available to pay the Preferred Return, the payment of the Preferred Return may be delayed until such funds are available, at the sole and absolute discretion of the Manager.
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(b) | Distribution of Net Profits. The Net Profits shall be distributed on a quarterly basis |
as follows:
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(1) | First, to pay the Preferred Return to Members on a pro-rata basis; |
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(2)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Second, from any remaining amount of Net Profits following the payment of the Preferred Return referred to in Section 4.4(b)(1) above, to pay StartEngine per quarter, until StartEngine has received an amount, as calculated by the Manager, equal to an annual rate of Two Percent (2%) of the aggregate capital account balances of the Members (pro-rated as applicable on the same basis as the Preferred Return; that is, the amount of time a Member was a member of the Company during such quarter) (βPlatform Feeβ); and
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(3)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Thereafter, of the remaining cash, One Hundred Percent (100%) of such cash will be distributed to the Members on a pro-rata basis.
Β
All cash distributions of Net Profits will be made on a quarterly basis, in arrears, and distributions to Members shall be prorated as applicable for the amount of time that a Member was a member of the Company during such accounting period. Distribution of cash is not guaranteed, and shall be made only to the extent cash is available and provided that the distributions will not impact the continuing operations of the Company, subject to the sole and absolute discretion of the Manager.
Β
(d) By the end of the Company's fiscal year, the Manager will make every effort to have distributed to each Member the amount of Profit or Loss that will be allocated to that Member on the Schedule K-1 that he, she, or it receives for income tax reporting. However, the amount of income reported to each Member on his, her, or its Schedule K-1 may differ somewhat from the actual cash distributions made during the fiscal year covered by the Schedule K-1 due to, among other things the loan loss reserve and factors unique to the tax accounting of limited liability companies, such as the treatment of investment expense.
Β
4.5Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Reinvestment Election. Members must elect to (a) receive cash with respect to the quarterly income distributions from the Company in the amount of that Memberβs share of cash available for distribution, including the Preferred Return due to the Member, or (b) allow the reinvestment through purchase of additional Membership Interests at the price of One Thousand Dollars ($1,000) with respect to the quarterly income distributions from the Company in the amount of that Memberβs share of cash available for distribution, including the Preferred Return due to the Member. Fractional interests may be purchased by the Member who has elected to reinvest through the purchase of additional Membership Interests. Members must elect to receive cash or reinvest all of their quarterly income distributions, including their Preferred Returns. No partial reinvestment is permitted. If no election is made, then the quarterly income distribution and a Preferred Return will be automatically reinvested into the Company to purchase additional Membership Interests. Notwithstanding the foregoing, reinvestments will be allowed to the extent that the Offering is qualified with the SEC and provided that such reinvestments do not exceed the offering amount that may be sold in any given Twelve (12) month period in accordance with Regulation A, Tier II requirements.
Β | 9 | Β |
Β
Β
Members may change their election at any time upon Thirty (30) days written notice to the Company. Upon receipt and after the Thirty (30) day notice has occurred, the Memberβs election shall be changed and reflected on the following first day of the quarter in which the Member is entitled to receive a distribution. Notwithstanding the preceding sentences, the Manager may at any time immediately commence with income distributions in cash only (hence, suspending the reinvestment option for such Member(s)) to any Member(s), including, (i) in order for the Company to remain exempt from the ERISA plan asset regulations; (ii) the Maximum Offering Amount has been raised; or (iii) otherwise required under Tier II of the Regulation A.
Β
4.6 | Capital Accounts. |
Β
(a)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β General Maintenance. The Company will establish and maintain a Capital Account for each Member on a monthly basis. A Member's Capital Account Balance will be:
Β
(1)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β increased by: (i) the amount of any money the Member contributes to the Company's capital (including reinvestment of his, her, or its portion of distribution); and (ii) the Member's share of the Companyβs Profits and any separately stated items of income or gain; and
Β
(2)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β decreased by: (i) the amount of any money the Company distributes to the Member; (ii) the Member's share of the Companyβs Losses and any separately stated items of deduction or loss; and (iii) the amount of any withdrawals or redemption made by the Members in accordance with Section 3.3 above.
Β
(b)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Transfer of Capital Account. A Transferee of Membership Interests succeeds to the portion of the transferor's Capital Account that corresponds to the portion of the Membership Interest that is the subject of the Transfer.
Β
(c)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Compliance with Code. The requirements of this Article are intended and will be construed to ensure that the allocations of the Company's income, gain, losses, deductions and credits have substantial economic effect under the Regulations promulgated under Section 704(b) of the Code.
Β
ARTICLE 5: MANAGEMENT
Β
5.1Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Representative Management. The Company will be managed by One (1) Manager. By execution of this Agreement, and without prejudice to the right of the Members to remove the Manager as set forth in Article 5, the Initial Members and each Person hereafter admitted as a Member, other than Transferees, shall be deemed to have elected such Manager. The initial manager of the Company shall be: LK Advisors, Inc., a California corporation.
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5.2Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Time Devoted to Business. The Manager will devote to the Companyβs activities the amount of time reasonably necessary to discharge the Managerβs responsibilities.
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5.3 | Powers and Authority. |
Β
(a)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β General Scope. Except for matters on which the Membersβ approval is required by the Act or this Agreement, the Manager has full power, authority and discretion to manage and direct the Companyβs business, affairs and properties, including the specific powers referred to in paragraph (b), below.
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(b) | Specific Powers. |
Β
(1)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β The Manager is authorized on the Company's behalf to make all decisions as to (i) the development, sale, lease or other disposition of the Company's assets; (ii) the origination and purchase of loans or any other assets of all kinds; (iii) the acquisition, purchase, leasing, and/or sale of properties or any other assets of all kinds; (iv) the management of all or any part of the Company's assets and business; (v) the borrowing of money and the granting of security interests in the Company's assets (including loans from Members) as, and only if, provided for in the Offering Circular; (vi) the prepayment, refinancing or extension of any mortgage affecting the Company's assets; (vii) the compromise or release of any of the Company's claims or debts; (viii) the employment of Persons for the operation and management of the Company's business; and (ix) all elections available to the Company under any federal or state tax law or regulation.
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(2)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β The Manager on the Company's behalf may execute and deliver (i) all contracts, conveyances, assignments, leases, subleases, franchise agreements, licensing agreements, management contracts and maintenance contracts covering or affecting the Company's assets; (ii) all checks, drafts and other orders for the payment of the Company's funds; (iii) all loan documents including, without limitation, promissory notes, mortgages, deeds of trust, security agreements and other similar documents; (iv) all articles, certificates and reports pertaining to the Company's organization, qualification and dissolution; (v) all tax returns and reports; and (vi) all other instruments of any kind or character relating to the Company's affairs.
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5.4Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Required Member Approval. Except as specifically provided herein, without the approval of the Members holding a Majority of the issued and outstanding Membership Interests, the Company may not take any action with respect to: (a) the Company's merger with or conversion into another Entity; (b) causing the Company to incur debt which would exceed the amount provided for in the Offering Circular; or (c) a transaction, not expressly permitted by this Agreement or Offering Circular, involving a conflict of interest between the Manager and the Company.
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5.5 | Duties of Manager. |
Β
(a)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Fiduciary Duty. The Manager shall have fiduciary responsibility for the safekeeping and use of all funds and assets of the Company, whether or not in the Manager's possession or control. Except as expressly permitted herein, or by subsequent approval of the Members, the Manager shall not employ, or permit another to employ Company funds or assets in any manner except for the exclusive benefit of the Company.
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(b) | Standard of Care. |
Β
(1)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Exculpation. The Manager will not be liable to the Company or any Member for an act or omission done in good faith to promote the Company's best interests, unless the act or omission constitutes gross negligence, fraud, bad faith, intentional misconduct, or a knowing violation of law.
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(2)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Justifiable Reliance. The Manager may rely on the Company's records maintained in good faith and on information, opinions, reports or statements received from any Person pertaining to matters the Manager reasonably believes to be within the Person's expertise or competence.
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(c)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Competing Activities. The Manager may participate in any business or activity without accounting to the Company or the Members. Each Member waives the benefit of the corporate opportunity doctrine, on his or her own behalf and on behalf of the Company, and agrees that the Manager may deal in other real estate transactions for its own account and/or for the accounts of others without any requirement to account to the Company for such dealings.
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(d)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Self-Dealing. In addition to the transactions expressly permitted by this Agreement, the Manager may enter into business transactions with the Company if the terms of the transaction are no less favorable to the Company than those of a similar transaction with an independent third party, including without limitation selling loans to, and buying loans from, the Company.
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(e)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Specific Transactions. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, it is hereby acknowledged and agreed that the Manager shall be permitted to bargain for and accept the following transactions connected with the business of the Company, subject to the terms of any other agreement among the Members.
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(1)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Loan Origination Fees and Lender Discount Points. Loan origination fees, exit fees, and lender discount points are generally collected from borrowers, by the Manager, on behalf of the Company and payable to the Manager as part of the Managerβs compensation, as outlined below.
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(2)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Loan Servicing. The Manager may service the loans or appoint an Affiliate to service the loans, or retain the services of a third-party loan servicer at any time for any reason (or no reason). The servicer, whether a third party or the Manager or its Affiliate, shall be herein referred to as the βServicer.β The Servicer will be compensated by the borrowers and/or Company for such loan servicing activities, as agreed upon by the Manager and Servicer, as outlined below. To the extent applicable, the Manager will oversee the activities and performance of the Servicer.
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(3)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Purchase of Existing Loans. When the Company purchases an existing loan (or pool of loans) from a third party, the Manager will be paid a fee comparable to a loan origination fee.
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(4)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Loan Extension and Modification Fees Payable by Borrower. Loan extension and modification fees are collected from borrower and payable to the Manager, as part of the Managerβs compensation, as outlined below.
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(5)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Loan Processing, Loan Documentation, and Other Similar Fees Payable by Borrower. Loan processing, documentation, underwriting, escrow, disbursement, warehousing, administration, and other similar fees are collected from the borrower and payable to the Manager at prevailing industry rates as part of the Manager's compensation.
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(6)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Other Loan Fees Payable by Borrower. All other fees paid by borrowers on account of the Fund loans will be retained by the Fund. All other fees include, but are not limited to, all forbearance fees, late fees, late charges, collection fees, prepayment penalties, default interest, and all other similarly-related fees incurred by borrowers (including, but not limited to, other fees authorized by loan documents for work performed regarding the subject loan).
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(7)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Real Estate Commissions. In the event the Company acquires ownership of any real property, whether by foreclosure or otherwise, and the Manager decides to sell it, the Manager or its Affiliates may receive commissions generally up to Six Percent (6%) of the sale price. The Manager may retain the services of a third-party real estate broker to sell such property, which will be considered an expense to the Fund.
(8)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Property Management. In the event that the Company acquires any real property, the Manager may cause the Company to engage a third party to provide property management services with respect to such real property, or may elect to provide such services itself (or through an Affiliate of the Manager).
Β
(9)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Reimbursement of Business Expenses. The Manager shall be entitled to reimbursement by the Fund (but only to the extent that Fund assets are sufficient therefor) for reasonable and necessary out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Manager on behalf of the Fund. Further, the Fund shall reimburse the Manager and its Affiliates for any reasonable formation, accounting, analyst, banking, transactional fees, and legal costs incurred in connection with the formation of the Fund and the capital raising activities undertaken by the Company.
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5.6 | Indemnification of Manager. |
Β
(a)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β The Manager and each of their respective successors in interest; (i) any Person that directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with the Manager; (ii) any officers, directors, shareholders, controlling Persons, partners, members, employees, representatives, directors or agents of the Manager, or any of their respective Affiliates; and
(iii)Β Β any officer, employee or agent of any such Person named in clause (ii); (iii) any member of the or similar; (iv) the Partnership Representative; and (v) any person who was any of the foregoing at the time of the act or omission in question (collectively, a βCovered Personβ), shall not be liable to the Company or its Members for (A) any act performed or omission made by it in the absence of this Agreement or gross negligence, or (B) losses due to the negligence of brokers or other agents of the Company. The Company will indemnify each Covered Person for any loss, damage, or expense incurred by such Covered Person on behalf of the Company or in furtherance of the interest of the Members or otherwise arising out of or in connection with the Company or the business of the Company, except for losses arising from such Covered Personβs own fraud, willful misconduct, willful and material violation of a material provision of this Agreement or gross negligence. Members will not be individually obligated with respect to such indemnification beyond their respective contributions and the amount of distributions by the Company to Members described under Section 4.4.
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(b)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Notwithstanding subsection (a) above, the Company shall not indemnify any Covered Person for liability imposed or expenses incurred in connection with any claim arising out of a violation of the Securities Act, or any other federal or state securities law, with respect to the offer and sale of the Membership Interests. Indemnification will be allowed for settlements and related expenses in lawsuits alleging securities law violations, and for expenses incurred in successfully defending such lawsuits, provided, that (i) the Manager is successful in defending the action, (ii) the indemnification is specifically approved by the court of law which shall have been advised as to the current position of the Securities and Exchange Commission (as to any claim involving allegations that the Securities Act was violated) or the applicable state authority (as to any claim involving allegations that the applicable stateβs securities laws were violated) or (iii) in the opinion of the counsel of the Company, the right to indemnification has been settled by controlling precedent.
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5.7Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Compensation to Manager and Affiliates. The Company will compensate the Manager as follows for services rendered to or on behalf of the Company:
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(a)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Asset Management Fee. The Manager shall earn an annual asset management fee (βAsset Management Feeβ) of One Percent (1%) of Assets Under Management, calculated and payable monthly. The Asset Management Fee will typically be paid on the last day of each calendar month with respect to the Assets Under Management as of last day of such month.
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(b)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Loan Origination Fees and Lender Discount Points. Loan origination fees, exit fees, and lender discount points are generally collected from borrowers, by the Manager, on behalf of the Fund. Such fees and points average (in the aggregate) between One and Ten Percent (1-10%) but could be as low as Zero Percent (0%) or as high as Fifteen Percent (15%) depending on market conditions. One Hundred Percent (100%) of the loan origination fees, exit fees, and lender discount points shall be payable to the Manager.
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(a)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Purchase of Existing Loans. When the Company purchases an existing loan (or pool of loans) from a third party, the Manager or Affiliate will be paid a fee comparable to a loan origination fee.
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(b)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Loan Servicing Fee. The Servicer may elect to charge a loan servicing fee of up to but not to exceed the following: One-Twelfth of One-Half of One Percent (1/12th of 0.5%) of the principal amount of each Fund loan, payable on a monthly basis (i.e., 0.5% per year). This fee shall be collected monthly from the payments received by the Company from the borrowers. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the loan servicing fee may vary from loan to loan.
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(c)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Loan Extension and Modification Fees payable by Borrower. Loan extension and modification fees are collected from borrowers by the Manager. Such fees are typically between One and Three Percent (1-3%) of the original loan amount, but could be higher or lower depending on market rates and conditions. Such fees shall be payable to the Manager.
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(d)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Loan Processing, Loan Documentation, and other Similar Fees payable by Borrower. Loan processing, documentation, underwriting, escrow, disbursement, warehousing, administration, and other similar fees are collected from the borrower and payable to the Manager at prevailing industry rates as part of the Manager's compensation.
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(e)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Other Loan Fees Payable by Borrower. All other fees paid by borrowers on account of the Fund loans will be retained by the Fund. All other fees include, but are not limited to, all forbearance fees, late fees, late charges, collection fees, prepayment penalties, default interest, and all other similarly- related fees incurred by borrowers (including, but not limited to, other fees authorized by loan documents for work performed regarding the subject loan).
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(f)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Real Estate Commissions. The Manager or its Affiliates may earn real estate commissions to list and sell real estate that the Fund has acquired through foreclosure or otherwise. The Manager or its Affiliates may generally earn up to Six Percent (6%) for such a sale. The Manager may retain the services of a third party real estate broker to sell such property, which will be considered an expense to the Fund.
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(g)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Property Management Fee. The Manager shall be entitled to receive a monthly property management fee for managing properties acquired by the Fund through foreclosure or otherwise (βProperty Management Feeβ). The Property Management Fee shall generally be computed as a monthly flat fee or a specified numerical percentage (which percentage shall be set by the Manager on a case-by-case basis for each subject property) multiplied by monthly gross rents for the property. Generally, the Manager expects to receive a Property Management Fee of Five Percent (5%) of the monthly gross rents received per property. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Manager reserves the right to retain a third-party property management company, in its sole and absolute discretion.
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(h)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Operating Expenses. The Manager shall be entitled to reimbursement by the Fund (but only to the extent that Fund assets are sufficient therefor) for reasonable and necessary out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Manager on behalf of the Fund. Further, the Fund shall reimburse the Manager and its Affiliates for any reasonable formation, accounting, analyst, banking, transactional fees, and legal costs incurred in connection with the formation of the Fund and the capital raising activities undertaken by the Fund.
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(i)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β The Company will bear the cost of the annual tax preparation of the Company's tax returns, any state and federal income tax due, and any required independent audit reports required by agencies governing the business activities of the Company.
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(j)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β The definition of Managerβs Fees includes all the fees described in βCompensation to Manager and Affiliatesβ.
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(k)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β The Manager may, but has no obligation to, defer all or a portion of the Managerβs Fees. In such event, the Manager will be entitled to recover the deferred fees at a later time within the same calendar year only.
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5.8 | Tenure. |
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(a)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Term. The Manager will serve until the earlier of (1) the Managerβs resignation;
(2)Β the Managerβs removal; (3) as to a Manager who is a natural person, the Managerβs death or adjudication of incompetency; and (4) as to a Manager that is an Entity, the Managerβs dissolution. In any such event, Members representing a Majority of the Membership Interest outstanding shall promptly elect a successor as Manager; provided, however if the then Manager desires to appoint an Affiliate as the new Manager, then such Affiliate may become the Manager without Member approval.
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(b)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Resignation. The Manager at any time may resign by written notice delivered to the Members at Thirty (30) days prior to the effective date of the resignation. Members may elect a replacement Manager with a Majority vote, provided, however if the then Manager desires to appoint an Affiliate as the new Manager, then such Affiliate may become the Manager without Member approval.
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(c)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Removal. The Members may remove the Manager if: (1) the Manager is convicted or found liable for an act of gross negligence or fraud which materially lowers the net asset value of the Company, and (2) the holders of at least a Majority of the outstanding Membership Interests vote in favor of such removal. A successor manager of the Company may only be elected by the Members, provided that if the then-current Manager appoints an Affiliate as the successor Manager then no vote or consent of the Members shall be required unless expressly mandated by applicable California law.
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ARTICLE 6: RECORDS AND ACCOUNTING
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6.1 | Maintenance of Records. |
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(a)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Required Records. The Company will maintain, at its registered office in California, such books, records and other materials as are reasonably necessary to document and account for its activities, including without limitation, those required to be maintained by the Act.
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(b)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Member Access. A Member and the Member's authorized representative will have reasonable access to, and may inspect and copy, all books, records and other materials pertaining to the Company or its activities so long as it does not violate another memberβs right to privacy or confidentiality. The exercise of such rights will be at the requesting Member's expense.
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(c)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Confidentiality. No Member or Manager will disclose any information relating to the Company or its activities to any unauthorized person or use any such information for his or her or any other Person's personal gain.
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6.2 | Financial Accounting. |
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(a)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Accounting Method. The Company will account for its financial transactions using the accrual basis method of accounting. The Manager reserves the right to change such methods of accounting upon written notice to Members.
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(b) | Taxable Year. The Company's Taxable Year is the calendar year. |
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6.3 | Reports. |
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(a)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Members. Annual reports concerning the Companyβs business affairs, including the Companyβs annual income tax return, will be provided to Members who request them in writing. Each Member will receive his, her, or its respective K-1 Form as required by applicable law. The Manager may, at its sole and absolute discretion, designate any Person to provide tax and accounting advice to the Company, at any time and for any reason.
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(b)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Periodic Reports. The Company will complete and file any periodic reports required by the Act or the law of any other jurisdiction in which the Company is qualified to do business.
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6.4 | Tax Compliance. |
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(a)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Withholding. If the Company is required by law or regulation to withhold and pay over to a governmental agency any part or all of a Distribution or allocation of Profit to a Member:
Β
(1) | the amount withheld will be considered a Distribution to the Member; and |
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(2)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β if the withholding requirement pertains to a Distribution in kind or an allocation of Profit, the Company will pay the amount required to be withheld to the governmental agency and promptly take such action as it considers necessary or appropriate to recover a like amount from the Member, including offset against any Distributions to which the Member would otherwise be entitled.
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6.5 | Partnership Representative. |
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(a)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β The Members hereby agree that: (i) the Manager (or an individual designated by the Manager) will be designated the initial βpartnership representativeβ within the meaning of Section 6223(a) of the Code (the βPartnership Representativeβ) and the Manager shall be authorized to take any actions necessary under Treasury Regulations or other guidance to cause such person to be designated as such; (ii) if an entity is designated as Partnership Representative, the Manager shall simultaneously designate an individual who will act for the entity Partnership Representative; (iii) the Partnership Representative may be removed and replaced at any time by the Manager; (iv) the Company and each Member agree that they shall be bound by the actions taken by the Partnership Representative, as described in Section 6223(b) of the Code; (v) the Members hereby consent to the election set forth in Section 6226(a) of the Code and agree to take any action, and furnish the Partnership Representative with any information necessary, to give effect to such election if the Manager decides to make such election; (vi) any imputed underpayment of tax imposed on the Company pursuant to Section 6232 of the Code (and any related interest, penalties or other additions to tax) that the Manager reasonably determines is attributable to one or more Members (including any former Member) in the Managerβs sole discretion; and (vii) the Partnership Representative will be considered indemnified and the provisions of Section 5.6 shall apply to the Partnership Representative. The Partnership Representative shall be authorized to take any of the foregoing actions (or any similar actions), to the extent necessary to allow the Company to comply with the partnership audit provisions of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015.
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(b)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Regarding the potential obligation of a former Member under this paragraph, the following shall apply: (i) each Member agrees that notwithstanding any other provision in this Agreement if it is no longer a Member it shall nevertheless be obligated for any responsibilities under Section 6.5, as if it were a Member prior to withdrawal from the Company and/or transfer of its interest; and (ii) as applicable, the Manager will not be required to consent to the transfer of interest of any Member unless the transferee receiving such interest agrees that in the event the transferor of such interest does not fulfill its obligation under the preceding clause (i) within 20 business days following written demand by the Manager, such transferee shall be jointly and severally liable with such transferor for such obligation and the Manager may thereafter treat the transferee as the relevant Member for purposes of this Subsection. The Partnership Representative will provide prompt written notification to each Member in the event of any audit of the Company by the United States Internal Revenue Service and provide all information reasonably requested by any Member regarding such audit and associated proceedings. The provisions of this Section 6.5 will not apply to any taxable year of the Company for which the Company has made a valid election out of Subchapter C of Chapter 63 of the Code pursuant to Section 6221 of the Code.
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ARTICLE 7: DISSOLUTION
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7.1Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Events of Dissolution. The Company will continue until (a) dissolved herein pursuant to Article 7 below, unless sooner dissolved or terminated under the Act or as described herein; (b) the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all the assets of the Company; (c) any event that makes the Company ineligible to conduct its activities as a limited liability company under the Act; or (d) otherwise by option of law.
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7.2 | Effect of Dissolution. |
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(a)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Appointment of Liquidator. Upon the Company's dissolution, the Manager (unless unwilling or unable to serve as such) shall serve as liquidator, and as such will wind up and liquidate the Company in an orderly, prudent and expeditious manner in accordance with the following provisions of this Article. While serving as liquidator, the Manager shall have the same authority, powers, duties and compensation as before dissolution, except that the liquidator shall not acquire any additional assets for the Company, and shall use its best efforts to liquidate the Company's existing assets as rapidly as is consistent with receiving the fair market value thereof. If the Manager is unwilling or unable to serve as liquidator, or has resigned or been removed, the Members shall elect another person, who may be a Member, to serve as liquidator.
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(b)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Distributions Upon Dissolution. The Company will not cease to exist immediately upon the occurrence of an event of dissolution, but will continue until its affairs have been wound up. Upon dissolution of the Company, the Manager will wind up the Companyβs affairs by liquidating the Company's assets as promptly as is consistent with obtaining the fair market value thereof, either by sale to third parties or by collecting loan payments under the terms of the loan(s) until a suitable sale can be arranged. All funds received by the Company shall be applied to satisfy or provide for Company debts and liabilities and the balance, if any, shall be distributed to Members on a pro-rata basis.
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(c)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Time for Liquidation. The Company will not immediately cease to exist upon the occurrence of an event causing its dissolution, but will continue until its affairs have been wound up. It is acknowledged and agreed that the assets of the Company are illiquid, and will take time to sell. The liquidator shall liquidate the Company's assets as promptly as is consistent with obtaining the fair market value thereof, either by sale to third parties or by collecting loan payments under the terms of the loans. Due to high prevailing interest rates or other factors, the Company could suffer reduced earnings (or losses) if a substantial portion of its loan portfolio remains and must be liquidated quickly during the winding up period. Members who sell their Membership Interests prior to any such liquidation will not be exposed to this risk. Conversely, if prevailing interest rates have declined at a time when the loan portfolio must be liquidated, unanticipated profits could be realized by those Members who remained in the Company until its termination.
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(d)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Final Accounting. The liquidator will make proper accountings, (1) to the end of the month in which the event of dissolution occurred, and (2) to the date on which the Company is finally and completely liquidated.
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(e)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Duties and Authority of Liquidator. The liquidator will make adequate provision for the discharge of all of the Company's debts, obligations and liabilities. The liquidator may sell, encumber or retain for distribution in kind any of the Company's assets. Any gain or loss recognized on the sale of assets will be allocated to the Members' Capital Accounts in accordance with the provisions of Article 4. With respect to any asset the liquidator determines to retain for distribution in kind, the liquidator will allocate to the Members' Capital Accounts the amount of gain or loss that would have been recognized had the asset been sold at its fair market value.
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(f)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Final Distribution. The liquidator will distribute any assets remaining after the discharge or accommodation of the Company's debts, obligations and liabilities to the Members in proportion to their Capital Accounts. The liquidator will distribute any assets distributable in kind to the Members in undivided interests as tenants in common. A Member whose Capital Account is negative will have no liability to the Company, the Company's creditors or any other Member with respect to the negative balance.
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(g)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Required Filings. The liquidator will file with the appropriate Secretary of State such statements, certificates and other instruments, and take such other actions, as are reasonably necessary or appropriate to effectuate and confirm the cessation of the Company's existence.
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ARTICLE 8: GENERAL PROVISIONS
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8.1Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Amendments. Except as otherwise provided herein, the Manager or the Majority of Members may propose, for consideration and action, an amendment to this Agreement, and a proposed amendment will become effective at such time as it is approved by the Members holding a Majority of the outstanding Membership Interests. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Manager may amend this Agreement from time to time; provided, however, that any amendment that materially or adversely affects the rights of the Members to receive distributions, withdraw from the Company or their voting rights shall require the consent of the Manager and Majority of the Members.
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(a)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Amendments to be Adopted solely by the Manager. The Manager may, without the approval of any Member, amend any provisions of this Agreement, and execute, deliver, file and/or record all necessary documents that may be required in connection therewith (and any such amendment shall not be deemed to affect the Members disproportionally, materially or adversely affect the rights of the Members), as follows:
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(i)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β a change in the name of the Company, the location of the principal place of business of the Company, the registered agent of the Company or the registered office of the Company;
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(ii)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β the admission, substitution, withdrawal or removal of Members in accordance with this Agreement;
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(iii)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β a change in the fiscal year or taxable year of the Company and any other changes that the Manager determines to be necessary or appropriate as a result of a change in the fiscal year or taxable year of the Company;
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(iv) | a change that, in the sole discretion of the Manager, it determines: |
(i)Β Β does not adversely affect the Members; (ii) to be necessary or appropriate to satisfy any requirements, conditions or guidelines contained in any opinion, directive, order, ruling or regulation of any federal or state agency or judicial authority or contained in any federal or state statute (including the Act), or (iii) is required to effect the intent expressed in any Offering document or the intent of the provisions of this Agreement or is otherwise contemplated by this Agreement; and
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(v) The Manager shall have the authority to execute and file any amendment to the Articles required by the Act that it determines to be necessary or appropriate for the formation, continuation, qualification and operation of a limited liability company in the State of California or any other state in which the Company may elect to do business or own property. The Company shall not be required, before or after filing, to deliver or mail a copy of the Articles, any qualification document or any amendment thereto to any Member. If any such amendment results in inconsistencies between the Articles and this Agreement, this Agreement will be considered to have been amended in the specifics necessary to eliminate fine inconsistencies.
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8.2Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Power of Attorney. Each Member appoints the Manager, with full power of substitution, as the Member's attorney-in-fact, to act in the Member's name to execute and file (a) all certificates, applications, reports and other instruments necessary to qualify or maintain the Company as a limited liability company in the states and foreign countries where the Company conducts its activities, (b) all instruments that effect or confirm changes or modifications of the Company or its status, including, without limitation, amendments to the Articles, and (c) all instruments of transfer necessary to effect the Company's dissolution and termination. The power of attorney granted by this Article is irrevocable, coupled with an interest and shall survive the death of the Member.
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8.3Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Binding Arbitration. Either Member, Manager or the Company may, at its sole election, require that the sole and exclusive forum and remedy for resolution of a Claim be final and binding arbitration pursuant to this section (this βArbitration Provisionβ). The arbitration shall be conducted in the State of California in the Los Angeles area. As used in this Arbitration Provision, βClaimβ shall include any past, present, or future claim, dispute, or controversy involving Member (or persons claiming through or connected with Member), on the one hand, and the Company, on the other hand, relating to or arising out of this Agreement, and/or the activities or relationships that involve, lead to, or result from any of the foregoing, including (except to the extent provided otherwise in the last sentence of sub-section (iv) below) the validity or enforceability of this Arbitration Provision, any part thereof, or the entire Agreement. Claims are subject to arbitration regardless of whether they arise from contract; tort (intentional or otherwise); a constitution, statute, common law, or principles of equity; or otherwise. Claims include (without limitation) matters arising as initial claims, counter-claims, cross-claims, third-party claims, or otherwise. This Arbitration Provision applies to claims under the U.S. federal securities laws and to all claims that that are related to the Company, including with respect to this offering, our holdings, the common shares, our ongoing operations and the management of our investments, among other matters. The scope of this Arbitration Provision is to be given the broadest possible interpretation that is enforceable. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Members will not be deemed to waive the Companyβs compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
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(i)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β The party initiating arbitration shall do so with the American Arbitration Association (the βAAAβ) or JAMS. The arbitration shall be conducted according to, and the location of the arbitration shall be determined in accordance with, the rules and policies of the administrator selected, except to the extent the rules conflict with this Arbitration Provision or any countervailing law. In the case of a conflict between the rules and policies of the administrator and this Arbitration Provision, this Arbitration Provision shall control, subject to countervailing law, unless all parties to the arbitration consent to have the rules and policies of the administrator apply.
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(ii)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β If the Company elects arbitration, the Company shall pay all the administratorβs filing costs and administrative fees (other than hearing fees). If Member elects arbitration, filing costs and administrative fees (other than hearing fees) shall be paid in accordance with the rules of the administrator selected, or in accordance with countervailing law if contrary to the administratorβs rules. The Company shall pay the administratorβs hearing fees for one full day of arbitration hearings. Fees for hearings that exceed one day will be paid by the party requesting the hearing, unless the administratorβs rules or applicable law require otherwise, or Member requests that the Company pay them and the Company agree to do so. Each party shall bear the expense of its own attorneyβs fees, except as otherwise provided by law. If a statute gives Member the right to recover any of these fees, these statutory rights shall apply in the arbitration notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein.
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(iii)Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Within 30 days of a final award by the arbitrator, a party may appeal the award for reconsideration by a three-arbitrator panel selected according to the rules of the arbitrator administrator. In the event of such an appeal, an opposing party may cross-appeal within 30 days after notice of the appeal. The panel will reconsider de novo all aspects of the initial award that are appealed. Costs and conduct of any appeal shall be governed by this Arbitration Provision and the administratorβs rules, in the same way as the initial arbitration proceeding. Any award by the individual arbitrator that is not subject to appeal, and any panel award on appeal, shall be final and binding, except for any appeal right under the Federal Arbitration Act (the βFAAβ), and may be entered as a judgment in any court of competent jurisdiction.
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The Company agrees not to invoke the Companyβs right to arbitrate an individual Claim that a Member may bring in Small Claims Court or an equivalent court, if any, so long as the Claim is pending only in that court. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED IN THIS AGREEMENT, NO ARBITRATION SHALL PROCEED ON A CLASS, REPRESENTATIVE, OR COLLECTIVE BASIS (INCLUDING AS PRIVATE ATTORNEY GENERAL ON BEHALF OF OTHERS), EVEN IF THE CLAIM OR CLAIMS THAT ARE THE SUBJECT OF THE ARBITRATION HAD PREVIOUSLY BEEN ASSERTED (OR COULD HAVE BEEN ASSERTED) IN A COURT AS CLASS REPRESENTATIVE, OR COLLECTIVE ACTIONS IN A COURT.
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8.4Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Notices. Notices contemplated by this Agreement may be sent by any commercially reasonable means, including hand delivery, first class mail, facsimile, e-mail or private courier. The notice must be prepaid and addressed as set forth in the Company's records. The notice will be effective on the date of receipt or, in the case of notice sent by first class mail, the Fifth (5th) day after mailing.
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8.5Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Resolution of Inconsistencies. If there are inconsistencies between this Agreement and the Certificate, the Certificate will control. If there are inconsistencies between this Agreement and the Act, this Agreement will control, except to the extent the inconsistencies relate to provisions of the Act that the Members cannot alter by agreement. If there are inconsistencies between this Agreement and the Offering Circular, this Agreement will control. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, unless the language or context clearly indicates a different intent, the provisions of this Agreement pertaining to the Company's governance and financial affairs and the rights of the Members upon Dissociation and dissolution will supersede the provisions of the Act relating to the same matters.
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8.6Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Provisions Applicable to Transferees. Each Member will execute and deliver any document or statement necessary to give effect to the terms of this Agreement or to comply with any law, rule or regulation governing the Company's formation and activities.
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8.7Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Additional Instruments. Each Member will execute and deliver any document or statement necessary to give effect to the terms of this Agreement or to comply with any law, rule or regulation governing the Company's formation and activities.
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8.8Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Computation of Time. In computing any period of time under this Agreement, the day of the act or event from which the specified period begins to run is not included. The last day of the period is included, unless it is a Saturday, Sunday or legal holiday, in which case the period will run until the end of the next day that is not a Saturday, Sunday or legal holiday. For purposes of this paragraph, a day shall be deemed to end at 5:00 p.m. in the time zone where the Company then maintains its principal place of business.
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8.9Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Entire Agreement. This Agreement and the Certificate comprise the entire agreement among the parties with respect to the Company. This Agreement and the Certificate supersede any prior agreements or understandings with respect to the Company. No representation, statement or condition not contained in this Agreement or the Certificate has any force or effect.
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8.10Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Waiver. No right or remedy under this Agreement may be waived, except by an instrument in writing signed by the party sought to be charged with the waiver.
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8.11Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β General Construction Principles. Words in any gender are deemed to include the other genders. The singular is deemed to include the plural and vice versa. The headings and underlined paragraph titles are for guidance only and have no significance in the interpretation of this Agreement.
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8.12Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Binding Effect. Subject to the provisions of this Agreement relating to the transferability of Membership Interests and the rights of Transferees, this Agreement is binding on and will inure to the benefit of the Company, the Members and their respective distributees, successors and assigns.
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8.13Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Governing Law. California law governs the construction and application of the terms of this Agreement.
8.14Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Severability. If any provision of this Agreement shall be deemed invalid, unenforceable or illegal, then notwithstanding such invalidity, unenforceability or illegality, the remainder of this Agreement shall continue in full force and effect.
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8.15Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Counterparts; Facsimile. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which will be considered an original as to the party signing it. Facsimile signatures shall have the same legal effect as original signatures.
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[Signature Page to Operating Agreement Follows]
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[Signature Page to Operating Agreement]
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LK SECURED LENDING REG A FUND,
LLC, a California Limited Liability Company
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By: | Β | Β |
Xxxxx Xxxxxxxx, Chief Executive Officer and Director of LK Advisors, Inc., a California corporation, Manager |
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BY PURCHASING A MEMBERSHIP INTEREST IN THE COMPANY AND EXECUTING A SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT, EACH MEMBER AGREES TO THE TERMS AND PROVISIONS OF THIS OPERATING AGREEMENT, THE SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT AND THE OFFERING CIRCULAR.
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