TRANSLATION AS A DECISION PROCESS. As mentioned in the Introduction, translation is a decision-making process (Xxxx 1983, 33) Translators must make a major decision in their carreers, that is which specific domain of texts they are to become experts in. On the other hand they also face daily decisions on the methodology of translation, selection of the proper translation equivalents, choosing the level of formality, cultural adaptation, etc. Translating a text is a linear and one-direction act (Levý, 1983, 33) and there are rules for this act to be performed. The relation between the source text (ST) and the target text (TT), ie. the original and its translation, is governed by numerous aspects. The target text is designed for a particular audience – ie. readers, users, participants, etc. – who are the addressees of the contents the text is to communicate. Levý lists twelve rules for translations, out of which ten are applicable on domain-specific texts and two to literary texts (particularly to poetry; and are not be mentioned in this thesis). They are listed in a logical order and become a necessary start-up point for a translator. A text translated into a target language (TL) should comply with the following: (Levý 1983, 33) However, these are not the only correct aspects of translations of original texts. A translator is free to decide whether they choose to respect the original text structuring and bind temselves to a so-called literal translation (see above); or whether they decide for translating ideas and convey implied meanings rather than word-for-word translation, a sc. liberal translation (see below). Translating is a process of deciding for a methodology that a translator accepts for their own. However, in spite of the fact that a translator may opt for a literal translation and keep the translation as respectful to the original as possible, there are cases in which such a translator must go for the one way or another of liberal translation as there may appear a lack of the means of expression between source and target languages (SL and TL). It means that there is no equivalence of words and/or collocations and idioms in the original text with the target language of the coveted translation (Xxxxx 2006). There is not one correct methodology that is to be followed. Where Xxxx described the first group of literal translation, Knittlová contradicts with a statement that the tendency for modern translations is not a word-for-word substitution (even these translations are, however, r...
