Balance of Power between Disputing Parties Sample Clauses

Balance of Power between Disputing Parties. One of the criticisms of mediation discussed above (section 1.3.2) was that less powerful parties may be more vulnerable in the mediation process than they might be in litigation. Certainly, the issue of power disparities between disputants in mediation has generated much comment in the mediation literature. A number of mediators and writers on the subject have also emphasised the need for a perceived balance of power between the disputing parties, for mediation to be successful. As one practioner put it in relation to environmental disputes, “the ‘public interest’ side must be able to offset the ‘deep pocket’ of business or government”.129 Nonetheless, mediation has been used successfully in disputes where power disparities existed. Some mediators justify this by reference to mediation’s voluntary character, pointing out that participation in and agreement reached through mediation is a matter of voluntary choice. Other authors have even argued that the mediation process may be particularly suited to addressing and redressing power disparities between disputants.130 Power disparities are frequently a problem in environmental disputes, where economically and politically powerful government agencies or companies are sometimes at loggerheads with often under resourced environmental or citizen organisations. Whether or not an adequate balance of power can be achieved between disputing parties will depend upon a diversity of factors, including the strength of civil society, the influence of the media or the political influence held by industry lobby groups. If a party is in a position sufficiently powerful to achieve its aims unilaterally, then may lack motivation to undertake mediation in the first place. The difficulty inherent in this requirement or precondition is its ambiguity and somewhat subjective nature. Clear criteria have not yet been identified which could be used to assess the so- 128 Boulle, Mediation: Principles, Process, Practice, p79. 129 Xxx Xxxxxx, "Confessions of an Environmental Litigator," Environmental Consensus, no. Spring (1980). 130 X Xxxxx and X Xxxxx, "Dealing with Power Imbalances in the Mediation of Interpersonal Disputes," MQ 6 (1984). cited in Boulle, Mediation: Principles, Process, Practice, p72. called ‘balance of power’ and indeed such criteria would be difficult to formulate due to the diversity of variables affecting a parties “power” in relation to others. Although ambiguous, it is nonetheless a consideration borne in mind...
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  • Settlement of Disputes between the Contracting Parties 1. Disputes between the Contracting Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this Agreement should, if possible, be settled through diplomatic channels. 2. If a dispute between the contracting Parties cannot thus be settled, it shall upon the request of either Contracting Party be submitted to an arbitral tribunal. 3. Such as arbitral tribunal shall be constituted for each individual case in the following way. Within two months of the receipt of the request for arbitration, each Contracting Party shall appoint one member of the tribunal. Those two members shall then select a national of a third State who an approval by the two Contracting Parties shall be appointed Chairman of the tribunal. The Chairman shall be appointed within two months from the date of appointment of the other two members. 4. If within the periods specified in paragraph 3 of this Article the necessary appointments have not been made either Contracting Party may, in the absence of any other agreement, invite the President of the International Court of Justice to make any necessary appointments. If the President is a national of either Contracting Party or if he is otherwise prevented from discharging the said function, the Vice-President shall be invited to make the necessary appointments. If the vice- President is a national of either Contracting Party or if he too is prevented form discharging the said function, the members of the International Court of Justice next in seniority who is not a national of either Contracting Party Shall be invited to make the necessary appointments. 5. The arbitral tribunal shall reach its decision by a majority of votes. Such decision shall be binding on both Contracting Parties. Each Contracting Party shall bear the cost of its own member of the tribunal and of its representation in the arbitral proceedings; the cost of the Chairman and the remaining cost shall be borne in equal parts by the Contracting Parties. The tribunal may, however, in its decision direct that a higher proportion of costs shall be borne by one of the two Contracting Parties, and this award shall be binding on both Contracting Parties. The tribunal shall determine its won procedure.

  • Settlement of Disputes between Contracting Parties 1. Should any dispute arise concerning the interpretation or application of this Agreement the Contracting Parties shall try to settle the dispute amicably. 2. If the dispute cannot be settled in a such manner it shall, upon the request of either Contracting Party, be submitted to an ad hoc Arbitral Tribunal in accordance with the provisions of this Article. 3. The Arbitral Tribunal shall be constituted in the following way: within two months of the receipt of the request for arbitration, each Contracting Party shall appoint one arbitrator. The two arbitrators will choose a national of a third State who, on the approval by the two Contracting Parties, shall act as chairman of the Tribunal (hereinafter referred to as "the Chairman"). The Chairman shall be appointed within two months from the date of appointment of the other two arbitrators. 4. If within the period specified in paragraph 3 of this Article either Contracting Party shall not have appointed its arbitrator or the two arbitrators shall not have agreed on the chairman, a request may be made to the President of the International Court of Justice to make the appointment. If he is a national of either Contracting Party or if he is otherwise prevented from discharging the said function, the Vice-President shall be invited to make the appointment. If the Vice-President also is a national of either Contracting Party or is prevented from discharging the said function, the member of the International Court of Justice next in seniority who is not a national of either Contracting Party shall be invited to make the appointment. 5. The Arbitral Tribunal shall reach its decision by a majority of votes, such decision shall be final and binding. Each contracting Party shall bear the costs of its own arbitrator and its counsel in the arbitral proceedings, the costs of the chairman and the remaining costs shall be borne in equal parts by both Contracting Parties. The Tribunal may, however, in its decision direct that a higher proportion of costs shall be borne by one of the two Contracting Parties. The Arbitral Tribunal shall determine its own procedure.

  • Disputes between a Contracting Party and an Investor (1) Any dispute which may arise between an investor of one Contracting Party and the other Contracting Party in connection with an investment on the territory of that other Contracting Party shall be subject to negotiations between the parties in dispute. (2) If any dispute between an investor of one Contracting Party and the other Contracting Party continues to exist after a period of three months, investor shall be entitled to submit the case either to: (a) The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes having regard to the applicable provisions of the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of other States opened for signature at Washington D.C. on 18 March 1965, or in case both Contracting Parties have not become parties to this Convention, (b) An arbitrator or international ad hoc arb1 tral tribunal established under the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law. The parties to the dispute may agree in writing to modify these Rules. The arbitral awards shall be final and binding on both Parties to the dispute.Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law. The parties to the dispute may agree in writing to modify these Rules. The arbitral awards shall be final and binding on both Parties to the dispute.

  • Settlement of industrial disputes Nothing in this clause requires a party to settle an industrial dispute that constitutes a force majeure event in any manner other than the manner preferred by that party.

  • Settlement of Disputes between the Parties 1. Any dispute between the Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this Chapter shall, as far as possible, be settled with consultation through diplomatic channel. 2. If a dispute cannot thus be settled within 6 months, it shall, upon the request of either Party, be submitted to an ad hoc arbitral tribunal. 3. Such tribunal comprises of 3 arbitrators. Within 2 months of the receipt of the written notice requesting arbitration, each Party shall appoint one arbitrator. Those 2 arbitrators shall, within further 2 months, together select a national of a third State having diplomatic relations with both Parties who, upon approval by the Parties, shall be appointed as Chairman of the arbitral tribunal. 4. If the arbitral tribunal has not been constituted within 4 months from the receipt of the written notice requesting arbitration, either Party may, in the absence of any other agreement, invite the President of the International Court of Justice to make any necessary appointments. If the President is a national of either Party or is otherwise prevented from discharging the said functions, the Member of the International Court of Justice next in seniority who is not a national of either Party or is not otherwise prevented from discharging the said functions shall be invited to make such necessary appointments. 5. The arbitral tribunal shall determine its own procedure. The arbitral tribunal shall reach its award in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement and the principles of international law recognized by both Parties. 6. The arbitral tribunal shall reach its award by a majority of votes. Such award shall be final and binding upon both Parties. The arbitral tribunal shall, upon the request of either Party, explain the reasons of its award. 7. Each Party shall bear the costs of its appointed arbitrator and of its representation in arbitral proceedings. The relevant costs of the Chairman and tribunal shall be borne in equal parts by the Parties.

  • DOMAIN DISPUTE POLICY You agree to be bound by the current ICANN's Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP), available at xxxx://xxx.xxxxx.xxx/dndr/udrp/policy.htm and ICANN's Charter Eligibility Dispute Resolution Policy (CEDRP), available at xxxx://xxx.xxxxx.xxx/udrp/cedrp-policy.html, that are incorporated herein and made a part of this Agreement by reference. APPENDIX 'S' .ME DOMAIN NAME SPECIFIC CONDITIONS If the Order is a .ME domain name, the Registrant, must also agree to the following terms:

  • Disputes between the Contracting Parties (1) Disputes between the Contracting Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this I Agreement should, as far as possible, be settled through negotiation. (2) If a dispute between the Contracting Parties cannot thus be settled within six months from the ist time the dispute arose, it shall upon the request of either Contracting Party be submitted to an arbitral tribunal. (3) Such an arbitral tribunal shall be constituted for each individual case in the following way. by Within two months of the receipt of the request for arbitration, each Contracting Party shall appoint one its member of the tribunal. Those two members shall then select a national of a third State who on approval by the two Contracting Parties shall be appointed Chairman of the tribunal. The Chairman shall be appointed within two months from the date of appointment of the other two members. (4) If within the periods specified in paragraph (3) of this Article the necessary appointments have in not been made, either Contracting Party may, in the absence of any other agreement, invite the President of the International Court of Justice to make any necessary appointments. If the President is a national of either Contracting Party or if he is otherwise prevented from discharging the said function, the Vice President shall be invited to make the necessary appointments. If the Vice President is a national of either Contracting Party or if he too is prevented from discharging the said function, the Member of the International Court of Justice next in seniority who is not a national of either Contracting Party shall be invited to make the necessary appointments. (5) The arbitral tribunal shall reach its decision by a majority of votes. Such decisions shall be binding on both Contracting Parties. Each Contracting Party shall bear the cost of its own member of the tribunal and of its representation in the arbitral proceedings; the cost of the Chairman and the remaining costs shall be borne in equal parts by the Contracting Parties. The tribunal may, however, in its decision direct that a higher proportion of costs shall be borne by one of the two Contracting Parties, and this award shall be binding on both Contracting Parties. The tribunal shall determine its own procedures.

  • Settlement of Disputes between an Investor and a Contracting Party (1) Any dispute between an investor of one Contracting Party and the other Contracting Party in relation to an investment of the former under this Agreement shall, as far as possible, be settled amicably through negotiations between the parties to the dispute. (2) Any such dispute which has not been amicably settled within a period of six months may, if both Parties agree, be submitted: (a) For resolution, in accordance with the law of the Contracting Party which has admitted the investment to that Contracting Party's competent judicial, arbitral or administrative bodies; or (b) To International conciliation under the Conciliation Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law. (3) Should the Parties fail to agree on a dispute settlement procedure provided under paragraph (2) of this Article or where a dispute is referred to conciliation but conciliation proceedings are terminated other than by signing of a settlement agreement, the dispute may be referred to Arbitration. The Arbitration procedure shall be as follows: (a) If the Contracting Party of the Investor and the other Contracting Party are both parties to the convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and nationals of other States, 1965 and the investor consents in writing to submit the dispute to the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes such a dispute shall be referred to the Centre; or (b) If both parties to the dispute so agree, under the Additional Facility for the Administration of Conciliation, Arbitration and Fact-Finding proceedings; or (c) To an ad hoc arbitral tribunal by either party to the dispute in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law, 1976, subject to the following modifications: The appointing authority under Article 7 of the Rules shall be the President, the Vice-President or the next senior Judge of the International Court of Justice, who is not a national of either Contracting Party. The third arbitrator shall not be a national of either Contracting party. The parties shall appoint their respective arbitrators within two months. The arbitral award shall be made in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement and shall be binding for the parties in dispute. The arbitral tribunal shall state the basis of its decision and give reasons upon the request of either party. (i) The appointing authority under Article 7 of the Rules shall be the President, the Vice-President or the next senior Judge of the International Court of Justice, who is not a national of either Contracting Party. The third arbitrator shall not be a national of either Contracting party. (ii) The parties shall appoint their respective arbitrators within two months. (iii) The arbitral award shall be made in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement and shall be binding for the parties in dispute. (iv) The arbitral tribunal shall state the basis of its decision and give reasons upon the request of either party.

  • Settlement of Investment Disputes 1. Any dispute between an investor of one Contracting Party and the other Contracting Party shall be subject to a written notification by the most expeditious party. the notification shall be accompanied by an aide-memoire sufficiently detailed. To the extent possible, the parties will endeavour to resolve the dispute through negotiations, a professional opinion possible use of a third party, or by conciliation between the Contracting Parties through diplomatic channels. 2. In the absence of amicable settlement by direct arrangement between the parties to the dispute by conciliation or through diplomatic channels within six months of its notification, the dispute shall be submitted, at the choice of the investor, either to the competent court of the State in which the investment has been made or to international arbitration. To this end, each Contracting Party consents advance irrevocable and that any dispute to arbitration. this consent implies that they shall waive the requirement of exhaustion of administrative or judicial remedies. 3. In the event of recourse to international arbitration, the dispute shall be submitted to an arbitral institutions described below, at the choice of the investor: — An ad hoc arbitration tribunal established under the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL); — The International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID, established by the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States, opened for signature at Washington, on 18 March 1965, when each State Party to this agreement would be a member thereof. as long as this requirement is not fulfilled, each Contracting Party consents that the dispute be submitted to arbitration under the ICSID Additional Facility Rules: — The Court of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce in Paris; — The Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce. If the arbitration procedure has been introduced on the initiative of a Contracting Party, it shall invite in writing of the investor concerned to express his choice in the arbitration body which shall be seized of the dispute. 4. Neither of the Contracting Party, Party to the dispute raise objection shall not, at any stage of the arbitration proceedings or enforcement of an arbitration award, on account of the fact that the investor, opposing party in the dispute has received an indemnity covering the whole or part of its losses by virtue of an insurance policy or to the guarantee provided for in article 9 of this Agreement. 5. The arbitration awards shall be final and binding on the parties to the dispute. each Contracting Party undertakes to execute the decisions in accordance with its national law.

  • Settlement of disputes between the parties 1. Any dispute between the Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this Chapter shall, as far as possible, be settled with consultation through diplomatic channel. 2. If a dispute cannot thus be settled within 6 months, it shall, upon the request of either Party, be submitted to an ad hoc arbitral tribunal. 3. Such tribunal comprises of 3 arbitrators. Within 2 months of the receipt of the written notice requesting arbitration, each Party shall appoint one arbitrator. Those 2 arbitrators shall, within further 2 months, together select a national of a third State having diplomatic relations with both Parties who, upon approval by the Parties, shall be appointed as Chairman of the arbitral tribunal. 4. If the arbitral tribunal has not been constituted within 4 months from the receipt of the written notice requesting arbitration, either Party may, in the absence of any other agreement, invite the President of the International Court of Justice to make any necessary appointments. If the President is a national of either Party or is otherwise prevented from discharging the said functions, the Member of the International Court of Justice next in seniority who is not a national of either Party or is not otherwise prevented from discharging the said functions shall be invited to make such necessary appointments. 5. The arbitral tribunal shall determine its own procedure. The arbitral tribunal shall reach its award in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement and the principles of international law recognized by both Parties. 6. The arbitral tribunal shall reach its award by a majority of votes. Such award shall be final and binding upon both Parties. The arbitral tribunal shall, upon the request of either Party, explain the reasons of its award. 7. Each Party shall bear the costs of its appointed arbitrator and of its representation in arbitral proceedings. The relevant costs of the Chairman and tribunal shall be borne in equal parts by the Parties. 1. Any dispute between an investor of one Party and the other Party in connection with an investment in the territory of the other Party shall, as far as possible, be settled amicably through negotiations between the parties to the dispute. 2. If the dispute cannot be settled through negotiations within 6 months from the date on which the disputing investor requested for the consultation or negotiation in writing, and if the disputing investor has not submitted the dispute for resolution to the competent court (16) or any other binding dispute settlement mechanism (17) of the Party receiving the investment, it may be submitted to one of the following international conciliation or arbitration fora by the choice of the investor (18): (a) conciliation or arbitration in accordance with the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), under the Convention on the Settlement of Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States, done at Washington on March 18th, 1965; (b) conciliation or arbitration under the Additional Facility Rules of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes so long as the ICSID Convention is not in force between the Parties; (c) arbitration under the arbitration Rules of the United Nations Comission on International Trade Law; and (d) if agreed with the disputing Party, any arbitration in accordance with other arbitration rules. For more clarity, the election of one dispute settlement fora shall be definitive and exclusive. 3. An arbitral tribunal established under paragraph 2 shall decide the issues in dispute in accordance with this Agreement and applicable rules of international law. 4. The disputing investor who intends to submit the dispute to conciliation or arbitration pursuant to paragraph 2 shall give to the disputing Party written notice of its intent to do so at least 90 days before the claim is submitted. The notice of intent shall specify: (a) the name and address of the disputing investor; (b) the specific measures of the disputing Party at issue and a brief summary of the factual and legal basis of the investment dispute sufficient to present the problem clearly, including the obligations under this Chapter alleged to have been breached; (c) the waiver of the disputing investor from the right to initiate any proceedings before any of the other dispute settlement for referred to in paragraph 2 in relation to the matter under dispute; (d) conciliation or arbitration set forth in paragraph 2 which the disputing investor will choose; and (e) the relief sought and the approximate amount of expropriation claimed. 5. Notwithstanding paragraph 4, no claim may be submitted to conciliation or arbitration set forth in paragraph 2, if more than 3 years have elapsed since the date on which the disputing investor became aware, or should reasonably have become aware, of a breach of an obligation under this Chapter causing loss or damage to the disputing investor or its investment referred to in paragraph 1. 6. The arbitration award shall be final and binding upon both parties to the dispute. Both Parties shall commit themselves to the enforcement of the award.

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