Culpability: COLREG Violations Sample Clauses

Culpability: COLREG Violations. On the Tricolor’s culpability, the Second Circuit held that, as a matter of law, the Tricolor violated COLREGS 13 and 16 on overtaking and COLREGS 6 and 19(b) on safe speed. On overtaking, COLREG 13 provides that “any vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken,” and COLREG 16 requires that “[e]very vessel which is directed to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, so far as possible, take early and substantial action to keep well clear.” The Circuit held that under COLREGS 13 and 16, the overtaking vessel also has a duty to keep far enough away to allow the overtaken vessel to conduct “reasonably predictable adjustments,” and that the overtaking vessel must select a safe place to overtake in the first instance, with regard to factors such as visibility, sea conditions, the space confining the vessels, the vessels’ speed and their capabilities. Otal II, 494 F.3d at 54. The Circuit noted that when the Tricolor’s Captain Xxxxxxx realized that he was beginning to overtake the Kariba, the Tricolor did not slow down but instead attempted to overtake the Kariba in a fog, at 17.9 knots, in a heavily trafficked TSS, with the knowledge the Kariba was on a collision course with a northbound vessel, the Xxxxx. We xxxx this a strikingly precarious situation: attempting to overtake without slowing or altering course in anticipation of adjustments that the overtaken vessel reasonably could be expected to make in response to a third approaching vessel. On safe speed, COLREG 6 requires that “[e]very vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can take proper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions,” and COLREG 19(b) provides that “[e]very vessel shall proceed at a safe speed adapted to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility.” The Circuit held that, as a matter of law, the Tricolor’s speed of 17.9 knots was not a safe speed “under conditions of heavy fog, in a TSS known for its traffic congestion, with the knowledge the Kariba was on a collision course with the Xxxxx.” Id. at 55.
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Culpability: COLREG Violations. On the Xxxxx’x culpability, the Second Circuit held that, as a matter of law, the Xxxxx violated COREGS 2(a) and 5 for its failure to keep a proper lookout and violated COLREG 19(d) for its failure to take avoiding action promptly. On keeping a proper look-out, COLREG 5 provides that “[e]very vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight as well as by hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision.” COLREG 2 (a) provides that [n]othing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master, or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to comply with these Rules or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case. The Circuit affirmed this Court’s findings that the Xxxxx violated both COLREGS by staffing its bridge with a lone mariner. On taking avoiding action, COLREG 19(d) requires that, in restricted visibility, “[a] vessel which detects by radar alone the presence of another vessel shall determine if a close- quarters situation is developing and/or risk of collision exists. If so, she shall take avoiding action in ample time . . . .” The Circuit found that, here, “the risk of collision arose when the Kariba steadied on its westward course after rounding the Fairy South Buoy,” or around 2 a.m., approximately ten minutes before the Kariba made its fateful turn to starboard. 494 F.3d at 57. At this time, the Circuit held, “the Xxxxx had a COLREG 19(d) duty to take avoiding action.” Id. Second Officer Toncic took no avoiding action whatsoever until 2:11:15 a.m., when he made a “dramatic” turn to starboard with the intent to steer astern the Kariba and the Tricolor. At this point, however, a collision between the Kariba and the Tricolor was inevitable. The Circuit rejected the Xxxxx’x arguments that 2:11:15 a.m. was the earliest point at which it could make a “dramatic” turn while staying within the bounds of the TSS, and the Circuit pointed out that nothing in the COLREGS mandates a “dramatic” turn, or prohibits a turn that leads a vessel to cross out of a TSS. Moreover, the Circuit observed, the Xxxxx could have taken avoiding action by reducing its speed but did not do so. Id.
Culpability: COLREG Violations. On the Kariba’s culpability, the Second Circuit affirmed this Court’s conclusion that the Kariba violated COLREGS 19(e) and (d)(ii) on avoiding collisions and abaft-the-beam turns.

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