Deception in Humans Sample Clauses

Deception in Humans. ‌ It is reasonable to say that a meaningful MAS approach for studying deception should be based on or derived from relevant knowledge that we have on human de- ception. If in the previous chapter I have answered the questions What is deception? and What is machine deception?, then in this section I will try to answer the ques- tions How do humans deceive?, How do we know when and if humans are deceiving? and When and why do humans deceive?. In this section we will discuss some of the relevant methodologies and research in Psychology that have been to address different aspects of human deception. This is research that I will consistently refer back to later in the thesis. First, I will discuss a well-known methodology in Intelligence Analysis, namely Xxxxxxxx Xxxxx’s Analysis of Competing Hypotheses (ACH) [122, 123], as well as more recent derivations of ACH that have been designed to address some of ACH’s limitations. Second, I will discuss what are the limitations of cue-based approaches to human deception. Based on the prevalence of these limitations, I have decided not to use them for the modelling of deceptive machines. Both ACH and cue-based approaches to deception detection have their limita- tions. These limitations are either due to the complexity of the methodology and oversight of representations that are used to establish what causes deception in the case of ACH, or due to the over-reliance on cues that indicate the presence of de- ception in the case of cue-based approaches, an over-reliance which leads to strong bias in deception detection and deception understanding. Finally, I will discuss three major theories of human deception from Commu- nication Theory that I use as a conceptual basis to model deception in this the- sis: Interpersonal Deception Theory (IDT) [38], Information Manipulation Theory 2 (IMT2) [172], and Truth-Default Theory (TDT) [153]. These three theories focus on deception in humans by trying to outline general rules or principles of how decep- tive interactions play out. Understanding the mechanics of human deception allows one to reproduce these types of interactions artificially by designing reasoning and communication protocols for artificial agents as well as designing the components of MASs where these interactions take place.
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Related to Deception in Humans

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