Education and economic growth Sample Clauses

Education and economic growth. Another form of gender inequality that may have an impact on economic growth is education. A study by Xxxxxxxx and Xxxxx addressed the estimation of these social gains from female education 43 . The paper examined the role of female education (measured by gross enrolment rates at the secondary level) relative to, and/or in combination with, some health and family planning services that influence fertility and infant mortality. It used reduced-form estimation of the total fertility rate (CMR) and infant mortality rate (IMR). The study presented cross-country regressions based on data drawn from 72 developing countries. The results of the study generally showed that female secondary education, family planning, and health programs all affect fertility and mortality, and the effect of female secondary education appears to be very strong. Moreover, the results suggested that family planning will reduce women tendency to have children more when combined with female education, especially in countries that had low female secondary enrolment levels. The elasticity's of fertility and infant mortality with respect to female education substantially exceeded those with respect to family planning and health programs when the elasticity's were estimated with appropriate controls. The simulations in the paper were based on using gross enrolment rates for secondary education from 1975, which the study considered a more plausible scenario than with 1970 enrolment rates. In the equation, the study found that family planning was significant when associated with female secondary education. The study suggested that the effect of family planning should be evaluated with reference to specific education levels. The simulations suggest that a doubling of female secondary enrolments (from the mean of 19 percent to 38 percent) in 1975 would have reduced the total fertility rate (IAFRi) by 1985 from 5.3 to 3.9, whereas a doubling of the ‘family planning service score’ (from 25 percent to 50 percent) in 1982 would have reduced the TFR by 1985 from 5.5 to 5.0. The results of the simulation by the study also suggested that the implications of female secondary education for reducing the IMR were striking. For example, a doubling of female secondary enrolments
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