Elicitors and their applications Sample Clauses

Elicitors and their applications. Most PDS that have been studied are either experimental products or products that have yet to receive approval for use as crop protection products in France. PDS that have received market authorization in France to date are: Bion (benzothiadiazole, Syngenta), Vacciplant (laminarin, Arysta Goëmar), Régalis (prohexadione, BASF), Stifénia (fenugreek powder, SOFT), and, most recently, an oligosaccharides-based product (COS-OGA) distributed by Syngenta. Stifénia is not used for the plant diseases of interest to this study. Table 6 summarizes the principal PDS examined in the literature (primarily in the scientific literature) and specifies their observed effectiveness against the major diseases targeted by copper. Synthetic PDS These products are not allowed in OA, but are interesting to consider as a point of comparison or as reference products. They have received the most study and in some cases show high levels of effectiveness. Analogues of natural plant hormones Benzothiadiazole (BTH), by far the most studied molecule, is a synthetic functional analogue of salicylic acid, invented by Ciba-Geigy and approved in France under the trade name Bion®. Its efficacy is highly variable depending on the disease system and on environmental conditions; it appears to be active specifically against diseases triggering the SA pathway in plants. BTH has partial efficacy against various fungal and bacterial diseases (Table 6). It allows for a reduction in copper applications against Xanthomonas in tomato, and may be used against strains of these bacteria that are resistant to copper. β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) is a non-protein amino acid, rare in nature, produced at low concentrations by plants in response to parasite attack. It is relatively effective against downy mildews and has a strong synergistic effect with mancozebe. It also allows for a reduction in fungicide applications, for example against late blight in potatoes. Its efficacy varies depending on the potato variety, however, and it is less effective on downy mildew in grapevines when climate conditions are more favourable to disease development. Despite its apparent potential, BABA has not been developed commercially. It is not patentable, its ecotoxicological profile is unknown, and it is slightly phytotoxic. Anti-gibberellics (growth regulators), including prohexadione-Ca (used as a growth regulator for pome fruit), have also been shown to be resistance inducers against fire blight. This molecule is approved i...
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