From visible light communications to low Sample Clauses

From visible light communications to low cost wireless backhaul Low-cost backhauling may become feasible with LED-based optical wireless links that have recently been mainly developed for indoor wireless access applications. In this case, the concept is based on the use of novel LED-based indoor lighting as a medium for communications. This idea has inspired researchers around world wide to reconsider optical wireless communications, since there is a potential for a mass market as LED lighting is becoming evermore widespread.. Improvements in transmission power, receiver sensitivity and energy efficiency have been reached recently in optical wireless communications, with LEDs nowadays providing output powers of several xxxxx. There is progress in advanced impedance matching at the LED driver and at the photodiode yielding a better energy efficiency and high throughput at lower light levels. ASIC implementation of the baseband processing, instead of using FPGAs, further reduces power consumption. For indoor access applications, a few xxxxx of optical power are needed to operate the link over a distance of several metres in a spot size covering a few metres. Two- thirds of the energy is needed for the LED bias current, while 1/3 is for the rest of the electronics. For outdoor applications, we can use collimating optics, to yield the same spot size after several 100’s of metres, as is typical for FSO links, and also using infrared LEDs instead of visible light. This will allow readily available VLC links to be converted into low-cost backhaul links by using essentially the same hardware, suitable for deployment in the SODALES architecture. Compact prototypes are already available based on commercially available components. Currently, they feature data rates up to 500 Mb/s, with the clear potential of reaching several Gb/s, using an ASIC for baseband processing based on OFDM, as well as reliable feedback and control loops over the air enabling closed-loop rate adaptation according to the instantaneous channel conditions. In wireless backhauling applications, such rate adaptation increases the availability, i.e. the link can still be operated under bad weather conditions and only the data rate is reduced, accordingly. This feature might qualify these links further for low-cost small-cell backhaul applications, provided that the LOS is free. Low-cost LED-based optical wireless for backhaul applications is a new concept that needs to be proved in practice yet. However, there is no obvious reason why it ...
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  • General Communications The type of communications described and defined in Article 5.6 herein.

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  • PUBLIC COMMUNICATION Neither the Contractor nor any of its Staff shall make any statement to the press or issue through any media of communication any statement bearing on the Services performed or data collected under this Agreement, without the prior written approval of OSC.

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