Independent Variable Sample Clauses

Independent Variable. My theory generates predictions over outcomes related to judicial independence and the relationship between the government and the courts in authoritarian regimes as a result of shifting potential firm profits. In order to test the hypotheses outlined above, I need to be able to measure several theoretical concepts accurately. First, I need a measure of the potential profits that captures changes in the attractiveness of investment from the perspective of firms that does not depend on the action of the regime. Potential measures that might capture this include investor confidence, observed investment amounts, stock prices, lending interest rates, and economic growth. However, using these measures to estimate changes in judicial independence 1A list of countries included in the dataset can be found in Appendix A.1 and related measures raises major endogeneity concerns. In order to avoid this issue, I need a measure of potential profit that is exogenous to judicial independence. As a way to address this concern, I utilize global commodity price shocks as a measure of changes in potential profit. Specifically, I use a dataset of commodity price shocks from 1957 to 2007 constructed by Xxxxx and Xxxxxxxx 2014. This data measures export commodity price shocks at the country-year level constructed from price data on 65 legally traded commodities. The measure is constructed by taking the annual difference in each country’s log commodity export price index. The price index for each country is an average of all commodity export prices, weighted by the lagged export shares of that country. So if a country does not export a commodity, that commodity is given zero weight. If a country only exports one commodity, that commodity is given a weight of one. Further, these shocks are also weighted by the average of the ratio of commodity export values to GDP in the past five years. This helps capture that commodity price shocks are more important in nations where commodity exports make up a large proportion of GDP. I use export commodity price shocks as a measure of changes in potential investment profit, assuming that as the price of a commodity exported by a country increases, in general the potential for profit upon investment increases in that country. The logic is simple - if world prices for natural gas increase, it becomes more profitable to invest in natural gas extraction in countries which export natural gas. Thus, positive price shocks are indicators of an improve...
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Independent Variable. The independent variable for both research questions was a categorical measurement of religiosity. Respondents were asked in the NSDUH surveys to rank how much they agree with the following statement “Your religious beliefs influence how you make decisions in your life.” The available responses included “strongly disagree”, “disagree”, “agree”, and “strongly agree”.
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Independent Variable. ‌ • Occupation • Age of donor • Types of donors (regular or new) • Educational background • Vaccination • History of sexual behavior
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Independent Variable. Adolescents’ probable internalising disorder or probable externalising disorder SDQ subscales can be summarised into internalising (emotional and peer subscale) and externalising (conduct and hyperactivity subscales) problems (Xxxxxxx et al. 2010). Each of the subscale ranges from 0-10 with higher scores indicating more problems and with 80% of adolescents in the community having normal levels of problems in respective subscale and 10% either borderline or abnormal levels. Abnormal levels are used as an indication for having a probable emotional, conduct or hyperactivity disorder (Xxxxxxx 2001). For probable internalising disorder in this study: Cronbach’s (parent report)=0.62; Xxxxxxxx’s (adolescent report)=0.60. For probable externalising disorder in this study Cronbach’s (parent report)=0.70; Xxxxxxxx’s (adolescent report)=0.68. First, separately for adolescents and parents, probable internalising disorders were defined as reporting abnormal levels on the subscales emotional and/or peer problems; probable externalising disorders as reporting abnormal levels on conduct and/or hyperactivity problems. Second, we defined the presence of a probable internalising disorder as either adolescents or parents reporting it on an abnormal level, while we defined the absence of probable internalising disorder as both adolescents and parents reporting internalising disorders on a normal or borderline level. We proceeded accordingly for the presence and absence of externalising disorders. This was done before by (Xxxxx et al. 2013). Independent variable What was measured Measure (questionnaire or questions) How we used the measure (categories of measures are indicated in italic) Regression used as: Parents’ knowledge about adolescents’ feelings Question: ‘How much do your parents know about how you are feeling?’ Answered on a 4-point likert scale from ‘a lot’ to ‘not at all’. We collapsed four categories into two (‘a lot/some’ and ‘a little/not at all’). Independent variable General family functioning Reliable and valid six items version (Boterhoven De Haan et al. 1985) of the McMaster Family Functioning scale (Xxxxxxx et al. 1983). Items are rated on a 4-point likert scale, answers are summed up and divided by the number of items to receive a score between 1-6 (Xxxxxx et al. 1985). In this study including parents with adolescents aged 13-17, Xxxxxxxx’s =0.87. Used as proposed by Xxxxxx and colleagues (1985): score of >2 indicate healthy and 2 unhealthy family fu...
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Independent Variable. Place of Residence by region
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Independent Variable. ⮚ Designing a guide of cooperative strategies for significant English learning.
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Independent Variable. Electoral Turnover
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Related to Independent Variable

  • Independent Evaluation Buyer is an experienced and knowledgeable investor in the oil and gas business. Buyer has been advised by and has relied solely on its own expertise and legal, tax, title, reservoir engineering, environmental and other professional counsel concerning this transaction, the Properties, the value thereof and title thereto.

  • Independent Contract Consideration Upon the Effective Date, Purchaser shall deliver to Seller a check in the amount of Fifty Dollars ($50) (the “Independent Contract Consideration”), which amount Seller and Purchaser hereby acknowledge and agree has been bargained for and agreed to as consideration for Seller’s execution and delivery of this Agreement. The Independent Contract Consideration is in addition to and independent of any other consideration or payment provided for in this Agreement, and is nonrefundable in all events.

  • Independent Investment No Purchaser has agreed to act with any other Purchaser for the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting or disposing of the Securities purchased hereunder for purposes of Section 13(d) under the Exchange Act, and each Purchaser is acting independently with respect to its investment in the Securities.

  • Engagement of Independent Review Organization Within 90 days after the Effective Date, Indivior shall engage an entity (or entities), such as an accounting, auditing, or consulting firm (hereinafter “Independent Review Organization” or “IRO”), to perform the reviews listed in this Section III.E. The applicable requirements relating to the IRO are outlined in Appendix A to this CIA, which is incorporated by reference.

  • Independent Status The employees, volunteers, or agents of each party who are engaged in the performance of this Agreement will continue to be employees, volunteers, or agents of that party and will not for any purpose be employees, volunteers, or agents of the other party.

  • Termination Generally If the Executive’s employment with the Company is terminated for any reason, the Company shall pay or provide to the Executive (or to his authorized representative or estate) (i) any Base Salary earned through the Date of Termination, unpaid expense reimbursements (subject to, and in accordance with, Section 2(c) of this Agreement) and unused vacation that accrued through the Date of Termination on or before the time required by law but in no event more than 30 days after the Executive’s Date of Termination; and (ii) any vested benefits the Executive may have under any employee benefit plan of the Company through the Date of Termination, which vested benefits shall be paid and/or provided in accordance with the terms of such employee benefit plans (collectively, the “Accrued Benefit”).

  • Independent Monitors 8.1 The BUYER has appointed Independent Monitors (hereinafter referred to as Monitors) for this Pact in consultation with the Central Vigilance to as Monitors) for this Pact in consultation with the Central Vigilance Commission (Names and Addresses of the Monitors to be given). 8.2 The task of the Monitors shall be to review independently and objectively, whether and to what extent the parties comply with the obligations under this Pact. 8.3 The Monitors shall not be subject to instructions by the representatives of the parties and perform their functions neutrally and independently. 8.4 Both the parties accept that the Monitors have the right to access all the documents relating to the project/procurement, including minutes of meetings. 8.5 As soon as the Monitor notices, or has reason to believe, a violation of this Pact, he will so inform the Authority designated by the BUYER. 8.6 The BIDDER(s) accepts that the Monitor has the right to access without restriction to all Project documentation of the BUYER including that provided by the BIDDER. The BIDDER will also grant the Monitor, upon his request and demonstration of a valid interest, unrestricted and unconditional access to his project documentation. The same is applicable to Subcontractors. The Monitor shall be under contractual obligation to treat the information and documents of the BIDDER/Subcontractor(s) with confidentiality. 8.7 The BUYER will provide to the Monitor sufficient information about all meetings among the parties related to the Project provided such meetings could have an impact on the contractual relations between the parties. The parties will offer to the Monitor the option to participate in such meetings. 8.8 The Monitor will submit a written report to the designated Authority of BUYER/Secretary in the Department/ within 8 to 10 weeks from the date of reference or intimation to him by the BUYER / BIDDER and, should the occasion arise, submit proposals for correcting problematic situations.

  • Funding Period and Termination 17.1. The Commissioner does not commit to renew or continue financial support to the Recipient after the Funding Period.

  • CONSULTATION WITH OTHER SUB-ADVISERS In performance of its duties and obligations under this Agreement, the Sub-Adviser shall not consult with any other sub-adviser to the Fund or a sub-adviser to a portfolio that is under common control with the Fund concerning transactions for the Fund, except as permitted by the policies and procedures of the Fund. The Sub-Adviser shall not provide investment advice to any assets of the Fund other than the assets managed by the Sub-Adviser.

  • Independent Testing Owner shall furnish independent tests, inspections and reports required by law, the Contract Documents or deemed appropriate by the Owner, such as structural, mechanical, and chemical tests, tests for air and water pollution, and tests for hazardous materials to be conducted by consultants retained by the Owner.

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