MSC Proliferation Sample Clauses

MSC Proliferation. Self-renewal refers to the process whereby cells undergo division and give rise to daughter cells to preserve their stem cell properties and maintain an undifferentiated state(Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxx et al. 2009). Although human adult stem cells have been shown to undergo almost 50–60 divisions and then become senescent, which is known as ‘Hayflick limit’ (Xxxxxxxx 1965), Xxxxx and colleagues demonstrated that some population of MSCs are able to self-renew more than 80 doublings (Xxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxx et al. 2002). Adult stem cells proliferate to maintain tissue homeostasis in some tissues with high turnover such as blood cells, epithelium cells of skin and gut or those tissues that need repair like liver (reviewed by (Roobrouck, Xxxxx-Xxxxxxx et al. 2008). Regulation of proliferation It has been demonstrated that cytokines and growth factors such as leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), and mammalian homologues of Drosophila wingless (Wnts) can influence the maintenance of MSC ‘stemness’ (Xxxxxx and Xxxxxx 2004, Xxxx, Xxx et al. 2007). As discussed before, there is a fine interaction between growth factor signalling pathways and miRNAs to control cell fate. Xx and colleagues demonstrated three main pathways, transforming growth factor- β (TGFβ), Platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGF), and fibroblast growth factor-β (FGFβ). FGFβ, that were necessary and sufficient for MSC growth and their inhibition reduced MSC self-renewal, whereas their activation makes MSCs proliferate in a serum free medium culture environment (Xx, Xxxxxxx et al. 2008). Also, Xxxxxx and colleagues illustrated Wnt as a signal needed for stem cell proliferation and differentiation (Xxxxxx and Xxxxxx 2004). FGFβ and PDGFβ in MSCs increase proliferation and osteogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis (Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxx et al. 2011).
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Related to MSC Proliferation

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