Organizational and Behavioural Aspects of Egyptian Society Sample Clauses

Organizational and Behavioural Aspects of Egyptian Society. The Old Kingdom is characterized by a society which is hierarchical and status based characterised by rapid change and social as well as economic development136. Xxxxxxxx views the early Old Kingdom administration as one which was centralized, where the provinces were administrated by officials who lived in, and were buried in Memphis137. One knows very little of the social organization that existed up to the early part of Dynasty 4 and it is impossible to tell how united and national the ruling elite were. Even when officials at Memphis held titles of provincial authority, it is difficult to infer whether this was a statement about underlying political unity, or just a declaration of local connections. The material evidence from the earlier cemeteries at Tarkhan, Saqqara, and Helwan point to a stratified society 136 X. Xxxxxxxx, Governmental Reforms in the Old Kingdom (Warminster: Aris & Xxxxxxxx Ltd, 1980). See also X. Xxxxxxxxx, The Administration of Egypt in the Old Kingdom. The Highest Titles and their Holders. (London: KPI Limited, 1985). There is growing penetration of the state (in early Dynasty 5, king’s sons’ apparaently ceased to hold functional office-Strudwick, Administration 320-321, 338-339). The trend is towards bureaucratically defined power structures, and expansion of the role of the state. 137 Kanawati, Governmental Reforms in the Old Kingdom 1-2. See also X. Xxxxxx-Xxxxxxxxxx, Krisenfaktoren im Ägyptischen Staat des ausgehenden Alten Reichs Xxxxxxxx-Xxxxx Universität Tübingen (Thesis) (Tübingen: 1986) 80. indicated by certain xxxxxx having a separate burial chamber and cult place138. Prior to Dynasty 4 absolute power is seen in the king. However, by the end of Dynasty 4, growing complexity of society and the cumulative effects of increasing expectations in the elite, of upward mobility in this world and of direct access to god in the next, results in a change in the organization and behaviour of elite society marked by: • Changes in the spatial dimensions of the elite tomb, • Development of various genres of representational motifs and elaboration of sub-motifs, • Progression in the biographical inscriptions from a concentration on the grave to a career type enumeration and finally to that of an individual in his own right, stressing his claim to a moral stature. Change then is to be understood more than just simple adjustments to climate or patterns of dominance as exhibited in grave architecture and must include the changing percepti...
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