Role of SR proteins during splicing Sample Clauses

Role of SR proteins during splicing. SR proteins regulate alternative splicing of many pre-mRNA transcripts, by promoting the use of proximal 5’ splice sites which is counteracted by hnRNP A1 and related proteins, that usually favour the use of distal 5’ splice sites (Xxxxxxxx et al., 1998). Hence, SR proteins and hnRNPs play an important role in the selection of 5’ splice sites in vitro and therefore the regulation of several pre- mRNA transcripts in vivo. The relative abundance of SR proteins may vary depending on the cell type, splicing condition or stage of development (Xxxxxxx et al., 1998). Changes in SR proteins activity can lead to specific disease phenotypes or developmental defects (Long and Xxxxxxx, 2009). However, functional redundancy between members of the SR protein family is likely and can compensate for any deficiency. For example, when a single SR protein, SRp30a was knocked down in A549 cells, there was no overall consequence on cell-wide splicing events (Xxxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxxx, 2006). Similarly, in Caenorhabiditis elegans, gene inactivation using RNA interference of single SR proteins (except for ASF which is essential for nematode development) did not alter neuronal viability (Twyffels et al., 2011). SR proteins ASF, SRp30c and Tra2β bind to the same ESE on tau exon 10, a PPE (Xxxxx et al., 2004; Xxxxx and Xxxxxxxx, 1995). Some exons including tau exon 10 contain more than one ESE recognised by different SR proteins with one having a stronger effect than the others (Xxxxx and Xxxxxxxx, 1995). In this case, knocking down one of the SR proteins would probably have little or no effect on splicing of the particular exon. RNAi knock down of six different SR proteins in
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