Sepsis Sample Clauses

Sepsis. According to recent reports, sepsis affects between 20 and 30 million people worldwide every year, remaining a leading cause of death.76 The induction of hyporesponsiveness, or tolerance, acts a defense mechanism that decreases the response to inflammation maintaining homeostasis of the host. However, in many cases the immune sys- tem is unable to recover from this self-induced suppression, falling into an immunoparalysis state in which the host is unable to stop the progression of the infectious disease.24 In the last years, a grow- ing number of studies have shown how long-term reprogramming of cells after exposure to pathogens are of great importance for early cytokine production and for the induction of immunoparalysis and the establishment of disease tolerance.15 Monocytes from patients suffering from sepsis-induced immunoparalysis show reduced pro- inflammatory cytokine production with a defective capacity to mount glycolysis and 𝛽-oxidation.2 High levels of lactate and a low clearance rate can help predicting poor outcomes of septic states.77 However, the line between the development of tolerance or the induction of training is very thin. The development of immunoparal- ysis or the induction of trained immunity involves opposing regu- lation of common pathways20 and the blockade of a single step in oxidative phosphorylation switches the potential of LPS-stimulated macrophages from proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory.34 Tolerance and training are manifestations of the similar reprogramming pro- cesses, but with opposite consequences. Immune status in patients with sepsis or noninfectious systemic inflammatory response síndrome is altered.78 It has been known for long that IFN-𝛾 and GM-CSF can restore the responsiveness of monocytes from septic patients.79,80 Xxxxx et al. demonstrated that the immunostimulant effects of IFN- 𝛾 in these patients partially relied in the restoration of the metabolic defects of innate immunotolerance by promoting glycolysis.2 Admin- istration of 𝛽-glucan to mice induced proliferation of the progenitors of the myeloid lineage, which was associated with enhanced signal- ing by IL-1𝛽 and GM-CSF, and with adaptations in glucose metabolism and cholesterol biosynthesis, improving responses to secondary LPS challenge and protecing from myeloid-induced immunosuppression in mice.28 The intravenous injection of bone marrow stromal cells improved survival and organ function after cecal ligation and puncture in mice.81
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Sepsis. A Health Crisis‌ Sepsis is a syndromic, life-threatening condition that occurs when the body exerts an exaggerated response to infection and begins injuring its own internal organs [6]. Nearly 6% of the inpatient hospital population in the United States will carry a diagnosis of sepsis during their stay, incurring an aggregate hospital cost of $23.7 billion (USD) [5]. Even with the progress of diagnosis of sepsis, still 20% of septic patients progressed to deadly sever sepsis and sepsis shock.[8] When all hospital deaths are ultimately considered nearly 35% are attributable to sepsis, and interestingly, this extremely deadly condition lacks the notoriety of heart attacks which have a mortality rate of 2.7-9.6% and only cost the US $12.1 billion annually, roughly half of the cost of sepsis [5, 23]. In 2004 the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) promulgate the first of their many recommendations regarding treatment regimens for sepsis and septic shock in the form of consolidated evidence-based practice guidelines called sepsis bundles [8]. Numer- ous trials have demonstrated that outcomes for sepsis can be dramatically improved by early recognition of the condition and rapid treatment [1, 16, 3, 7]. The most recent recommendation from the SSC is a 1-hr bundle that in addition to obtaining diagnostic tests like cultures and lactate levels prescribes standard treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, IV fluid, and vasoactive drugs if necessary all within an hour of a sepsis diagnosis [12]. While there are effective protocols for treating sepsis once it has been diagnosed there still exists challenges in reliably identifying septic patients early in their course owing to the significant variability in the diseases presentation and xxxxxxxxxx.Xx present the Sepsis-3 guidelines have narrowed the constellation of signs and symptoms of sepsis into a definition that can be reliably used by clinicians and researchers to identify this life-threatening condition retrospectively, but this definition cannot be used to identify a patient who is experiencing the untoward effects of sepsis early in the disease’s course.
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Related to Sepsis

  • Safety Glasses Section 1. The City shall supply prescription safety glasses with plastic lenses to employees who are required to wear safety glasses and who are members of the classifications contained in Appendix C to this contract. Safety glasses which are authorized must be industrial grade safety glasses which meet or exceed the requirements of ANSI Specification Z87. 1. All employees who are required to wear safety glasses shall also be required to wear side xxxxxxx, either permanent or snap-on, whenever an eye hazard exists. Solid tinted glasses will not be approved unless required by prescription. Photogray, progressive, scratch coating and/or anti-glare lenses may be considered for those employees who primarily work outdoors or as prescribed. In the event that additional classes are identified as needing either prescription safety glasses or protective eyewear, such classes may be added to the classification list in Appendix C upon approval of PAGE and the City. Section 2. The City agrees to pay the full cost of required prescription safety glasses, with frames not to exceed $75.00. This excludes the cost of the eye examination which will be the responsibility of the employee. The effected employees will be allowed one (1) replacement of safety glasses every two (2) years. In the event the safety glasses become lost, unserviceable, or broken on the job, the employee must present a written request for replacement to the Department Head and Human Resources Director. If the employee breaks his safety glasses while on the job, the Department shall replace the glasses at no cost to the employee. The replacement of lost glasses or glasses that are broken off the job will be at the discretion of the Department Head and Human Resources Director. If an employee has been provided safety glasses by the City, the employee shall be permitted to retain possession of the glasses after separation from the City without reimbursing the City for any costs associated with the glasses. Section 3. An employee who is required to wear prescription safety glasses must present a written request to his department head or designated representative. Section 4. The employee must obtain a current prescription and the employee is authorized the use of sick leave not to exceed two (2) hours to accomplish this examination. The employee will obtain a purchase order from the Department Head prior to ordering the safety glasses. The employee will present the purchase order to the appropriate vendor when ordering. The vendor will contact the appropriate Department Head when the glasses are ready for delivery. The Department Head will then notify the employee who will present himself at the vendor for fitting and pickup. Section 5. In the event a probationary employee has been issued safety glasses and terminates his employment with the City for any reason during the probationary period, he shall be required to reimburse the City for any expenses incurred in the purchase of safety glasses.

  • Prescription Safety Glasses Prescription safety glasses will be furnished by the employer. The employer retains the authority to establish reasonable rules and procedures regarding frequency of issue, replacement of damaged glasses, limits on reimbursement costs and coordination with the employer's vision plan.

  • Musculoskeletal Injury Prevention and Control The hospital in consultation with the Joint Health and Safety Committee (JHSC) shall develop, establish and put into effect, musculoskeletal prevention and control measures, procedures, practices and training for the health and safety of employees.

  • Accident Prevention Health and Safety Committee The Employer and the Union agree that they mutually desire to maintain standards of safety and health in the Hospital in order to prevent accidents, injury and illness. its responsibilities, under the applicable legislation, the Hospital agrees to accept as a member of its Accident Prevention - Health Safety Committee at least one representative selected or appointed by the Union from amongst bargaining unit employees. Such Committee shall identify potential dangers and hazards, institute means of improving health and safety programs and recommend actions to be taken to improve conditions related to safety and health. The Hospital agrees to co-operate providing necessary information to Committee to its functions. Meetings shall be held every second month or more frequently at the call of--the chair required. The Committee shall maintain minutes of all meetings and make the same available for review. Any representative appointed or selected in accordance with hereof shall serve for a term of one calendar year from the date of appointment, which may be renewed for further periods of one year. Time off for such representative(s) to attend meetings of the Acci- dent Prevention - Health & Safety Committee in accord- ance with the foregoing shall be granted and time so spent attending such meetings shall be deemed to be work time for which the representative(s) shall be paid by the Hospital at his regular or premium rate as may be applicable. The Union agrees to endeavour to obtain the full co-operation of its membership in the observation of all safety rules and practices. Pregnant employees may request to be transferred from their current duties if, in the professional opinion of the employee's physician, the pregnancy may be at risk. If such a transfer is not feasible, the pregnant employee, if she so requests, will be granted an unpaid leave of absence before commencement of the maternity leave referred to in Article Where the Hospital identifies high risk areas where employees are exposed to Hepatitis the Hospital will provide, at no cost to the employees, a Hepatitis B vaccine.

  • DEVELOPMENT OR ASSISTANCE IN DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIFICATIONS REQUIREMENTS/ STATEMENTS OF WORK

  • Infrastructure Vulnerability Scanning Supplier will scan its internal environments (e.g., servers, network devices, etc.) related to Deliverables monthly and external environments related to Deliverables weekly. Supplier will have a defined process to address any findings but will ensure that any high-risk vulnerabilities are addressed within 30 days.

  • Health and Safety Plan Consultant shall prepare and submit a Health and Safety Plan (“HASP”) for the portion of Consultant’s work that will involve field work, assessments, or investigations of certain Project elements. The HASP shall describe how Consultant plans to complete field work, assessments, and/or investigations at the RWF. Consultant’s HASP must comply with the CIP HASP and shall be updated as new conditions are encountered.

  • Management of Special and Technical Environment Each certificated support person demonstrates an acceptable level of performance in managing and organizing the special materials, equipment and environment essential to the specialized programs.

  • Electrical appliance safety The Hirer shall ensure that any electrical appliances brought by them to the premises and used there shall be safe, in good working order, and used in a safe manner in accordance with the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989. Where a residual circuit breaker is provided the hirer must make use of it in the interests of public safety.

  • Safety Boots Each employee, after 3 months’ continuous service, will be reimbursed (on production of a receipt), the cost of one pair of safety boots (approved by the employer), in each year, to a maximum of $110.00. All protective clothing such as wet weather jackets, safety helmets, welding jackets, welding xxxxxxx, welding gauntlets, rubber boots, etc, (which remain the property of the Company), will be supplied on all occasions deemed necessary.

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