Summary. Price Indices and Prices in the Food Sector – Annual and Monthly Statistics – 2017:10 25
Summary. This summary must be read as an introduction to this Base Prospectus. Any decision to invest in any Securities should be based on a consideration of this Base Prospectus as a whole, including any documents incorporated by reference. Following the implementation of the relevant provisions of the Prospectus Directive in each Member State of the European Economic Area no civil liability will attach to any Responsible Persons in any such Member State in respect of this Summary unless it is misleading, inaccurate or inconsistent when read together with the other parts of this Base Prospectus. Where a claim relating to information contained in this Base Prospectus is brought before a court in a Member State of a European Economic Area State, the plaintiff may, under the national legislation of the Member State where the claim is brought, be required to bear the costs of translating this Base Prospectus before the legal proceedings are initiated. Words and expressions defined in "Risk Factors", in the applicable Conditions and in the applicable Final Terms shall have the same meanings in this summary.
Summary. For the above-mentioned reasons, the Authority questions the compatibility of the proposed scheme with the EEA Agreement. In the EEA aid towards transport of raw materials or interme- diate products can normally only be granted in the outermost regions of the EU. However, it can be considered whether trans- port aid for these products can be granted in the case of schemes limited to least populated regions.
Summary. This strategy contributes to development of the local rural areas within Upplandsbygd Lokalt Ledd Utveckling through the Leader method. The area includes the rural areas of Knivsta, Sigtuna, Uppsala, Vallentuna and Östhammar municipalities. Private, non-profit and public actors have participated in the development of this strategy. Upplandsbygd is an attractive area to live in, situated close to the big cities’ growing labor market and at the same time in a rich agricultural landscape and beautiful natural and cultural environments. The conditions vary greatly between different districts in terms of services, communications, broadband, jobs and local identity. Several towns further away from cities experience an aging population and declining services. In places close to urban areas, many commute to work, which often implies a need to have a car and limited local identity, commerce and meeting places. In areas where the population is growing rapidly, conflicts of interest arise between exploitation and maintaining rural values. At the same time, there is a rich and committed business and association life that is a driving force in rural development. Rural areas also have great potential to foster new sustainable solutions, nature conservation, culture, and a growing, sustainable business sector. With this as a background, the strategy works towards two overarching goals:
Summary. The Swedish East India Company (SEIC) was a chartered company with royal monopoly on the trade with East India. The company’s business stra- tegy was to import tea to Sweden for re-exportation to the Western Euro- pean market, mainly to cities in The Netherlands and Flanders. From there the tea reached Great Britain, to a large extent as smuggled goods. The company flourished during 50 years (ca 1732–1785), but when Great Bri- tain released their extremely high duties on tea in 1784 the basis of the company’s business was undermined in one strike. The company’s return cargo from Canton was sold on auction in Goth- enburg and bought by Swedish and European merchants and trading houses. Some of the sales catalogues with handwritten annotations of the name of the buyer and price for each lot have been preserved. This stu- dy examines the cargoes and buyers at two auctions in 1748 and 1758, respectively. A new method of estimating the net weight of the tea lots is presented, which allows a calculation of the true value of each buyer’s purchases and the total value of the cargos.
Summary. (1) The EFTA Surveillance Authority (‘ESA’) wishes to inform Norway that, having preliminarily assessed the measures covered by complaints relating to Vygruppen AS and its subsidiary, it has doubts as to whether the measures constitute existing aid and, in case the measures were considered new aid, as to whether the measures are compatible with the functioning of the EEA Agreement. ESA has therefore decided to open a formal investigation procedure pursuant to Articles 4(4) and 13 of Part II of Protocol 3 to the Surveillance and Court Agreement (‘Protocol 3’). This decision is based on the following considerations.
Summary. As a consequence to the increased globalization and deregulation of trade restriction which previously ruled within the EU market, new flexible corporate structures have risen within the labour market. The swift development within the corporate structures has occasionally led the rights of the employment to be left in the dark in cases of corporate acquisitions. The reigning directive 2001/23/EG was for that reason put in place in 1977. The directive for corporate acquisitions was supposed to clarify the rights and obligations which follows the transfer of undertakings. In the above mentioned directive it was made clear that transferred employees are protected against both termination and restrictions to the earlier employment conditions. Today's business environment is characterized by constant changes where efficiency and flexibility are a prerequisite for staying competitive on the market. Companies therefore increasingly choose to focus on the core business and to delegate to external parties the services that do not form a major part of the company. Which is the fundamental of outsourcing. Outsourcing is an increasingly common mission model that can be found in most major, but also smaller companies. The activities that are common outsourcing objects are characterized by being part of the company's service functions such as restaurant, cleaning or tech. The directive's application for outsourcing has been more difficult for the European Court of Justice to interpret than traditional transfers, as outsourcing situations are more complex and therefor in the border area with the applicability of the Directive. One reason for this is that both the employer's commercial interests and employee protection need to be taken into account when assessing the applicability of the Directive. The European union has in this case said that an overall assessment is based on the Spijkers criteria that define what constitutes an economic entity with a preserved identity. The transfer shall also be deemed lawful by the fact that a contractual context has occurred within the transfer and that the employer has transferred to the acquirer. If a transfer fulfills the requirements for the Directive to be applicable, it may further be discussed how such a transfer affects the collectively agreed terms of both the acquirer and the transferor. The question is interesting in that Swedish collective law carries out a large part of the country's regulated terms of employment. The le...
Summary. On 16 April 2014, the European Parliament and the Council adopted Directive 2014/50/EU on minimum requirements for enhancing worker mobility between Member States by improving the acquisition and preservation of supplementary pension rights. The Directive establishes rules to make it easier for employees to exercise the right to free movement between Member States by reducing obstacles that follow from certain provisions on supplementary pension schemes linked to an employment relationship. The task of the Inquiry has been to analyse the Directive and submit proposals for measures, if any, that need to be taken to transpose the Directive into Swedish law. survivor reaches a certain age. The Directive contains provisions on conditions for the acquisition and preservation of occupational pensions and provisions on information. Some of the Directive’s provisions seem unfamiliar to some extent with regard to Swedish circumstances. This includes the Directive’s provisions limiting the possibility of imposing conditions concerning a certain period or age that must be fulfilled by the employee to acquire accumulated pension rights. In the Directive, such conditions for the acquisition of pension rights are described as vesting period requirements and vesting age requirements, which are not found in Swedish collective agreements. Another unfamiliar phenomenon for Swedish circumstances is that the employees to some extent pays for their own occupational pension, which the Directive’s refunding provision focuses on. In addition, the Directive’s provisions on processing of and information on survivors’ dormant pension rights target a pension design that is not currently found in the Swedish labour market. Furthermore, the Inquiry notes that Swedish collective agreements already seem to meet the Directive’s requirements in the relevant sections. This also applies to individual agreements. It can thus be noted that the Directive’s practical significance for Swedish conditions is limited. Despite these conditions, the Inquiry’s assessment is that a legal regulation is needed for the Directive to be transposed into Swedish legislation. This is due to the fact that there are currently no legal obstacles to drawing up conditions in occupational pension agreements that conflict with the Directive’s provisions. The Inquiry has considered whether the Directive’s provisions concerning acquisition and preservation should be implemented in existing legislation. However, the Inqu...
Summary. One step in the pursuit of a harmonization of the rules regulating international sale of goods is the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), which entered into force on January 1, 1988. As of today, 89 states have ratified the CISG and it is optional law for the majority of all contracts on the international sale of goods. A question highly debated at the adoption of the convention was the relationship between the seller's right to, after the time of delivery, cure a breach of contract and the buyer's right to avoid the contract. The negotiations led to the provision on the seller's right to cure (art. 48) being initiated with "subject to article 49", which stipulates the buyer's right to avoid a contract. This result was a compromise and the issue has continued to be intensively debated after the CISG entered into force. The purpose of the thesis is to, with a focus on the relationship of the seller's right to cure in art. 48 to the buyer's right to avoid a contract in art. 49, examine the possibility of avoidance under CISG. A question of importance is whether the seller's willingness and ability of to cure a breach without unreasonable delay and without causing the buyer unreasonable inconvenience should be considered when deciding whether a breach is fundamental, or whether this should be examined on objective grounds only. The thesis seeks to examine established law, why a traditional legal dogmatic method has been used. The thesis deals with an international topic, why also foreign sources of law have been used. However, neither the preparatory work nor case law of the CISG has been given the same importance as when interpreting national law. The threshold for what constitutes a fundamental breach of contract is generally high, both regarding non-conformity and delay in delivery. It is not enough to agree on a specific delivery date for the right of avoidance to exist if delivery takes place after this date. In terms of right of avoidance due to non-conformity, it has been noted that account is, inter alia, taken of how the obligation to which the breach of contract relates, has been specified in the contract. The parties should therefore clearly stipulate the conditions for avoidance by clearly specifying what is of significant importance to them. Studies of the history of the CISG show that both a proposal to remove the reservation for the right of avoidance and a wording that would entail a greater right...
Summary. Sustainability is a keyword for a number of business areas and today there is a big interest for sustainable rating systems. The construction business has worked with environmental labeling of buildings for a long time, and this interest has now reached the civil engineering industry. This increasing interest initiated a discussion within the civil engineering industry about what sort of system is needed, how this system should be designed, what CEEQUAL can offer, and what other systems can offer. The desire to further investigate this initiated an application to SBUF, the development fund of the Swedish construction industry. Behind this application were WSP, The Swedish Transport Administration, NCC, Skanska and PEAB. The aim of the project is to build a foundation for collaboration within the industry for the sustainability rating of civil engineering projects and to increase the knowledge of CEEQUAL and CEEQUAL Term Contracts. The project consists of two parts; Part 1 investigates the choice of rating system and the administration of the system; Part 2 will be mapping experiences of using CEEQUAL. This report covers part 1. Part 2 will be finished during autumn 2013.