Data sources and descriptive evidence Sample Clauses

Data sources and descriptive evidence. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) was approved by the US administration in 2009 in the aftermath of the economic collapse later labelled as the ‘great recession’. Overall, the stimulus included 350 billion US$ direct spending (our focus here) and 250 billion US$ in tax reductions. Funding was awarded between 2009 and 2012 and was intended to limit the negative consequence of the great recession on jobs. As much as 17% of the stimulus was directed towards projects with environmental benefits awarded by the Department of Energy (14% of total ARRA) and the Environment Protection Agency (3%). This green component of the ARRA stimulus represents a relevant benchmark for any future green fiscal stimulus for its absolute magnitude (about 60 billion US$, or almost 200 US$ per capita) and for its explicit aim of creating jobs (see Xxxx et al., 2020 for further details). As a proxy of local capacity to provide green training we collect data from the CareerOneStop tool (Department of Labor) on the presence of locally provided training certifications for green jobs11. Data on training by year, ZIP code of the granting 11 A certification is defined as "an award you earn to show that you have specific skills or knowledge in an occupation, industry, or technology" (source: xxxxx://xxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx/Toolkit /Training/find-certifications.aspx, last accessed: 21 July 2020). organisation, and relevant occupations (8-digit SOC) were retrieved from the CareerOneStop website. We define a time-invariant dummy for each CZ which is equal to one if the CZ hosts at least one organisation granting a training certification which is relevant for a green-manual occupation in year 2008. We focus on the extensive margin of local supply of green training rather than on the intensive margin. The choice was driven by the relatively small number of CZs with training for green-manual jobs (31). Overall, these CZs host 36.4% of the US population, while areas with training that is relevant for non-green manual jobs (43) account for 43.5% of the US population. As in Xxxx et al. (2020) and Dupor and Mehkari (2016), we consider 587 (out 709) CZs with at least 25,000 residents in 2008: these account for as much as 99.5% of the US population and employment.
Sample 1
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