Institutional transplantation Sample Clauses

Institutional transplantation. The fact that an American planning tool will be implemented in another country with a different institutional context means that some factors need to be taken into account. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. (2003) use the definition of institutional transplantation to indicate the process of implementing political institutions, business fashions, management practices or policies from one country (the donor society) to another (the host society). Institutional transplantation is as old as the Roman empire, when the Romans implemented Roman law in the conquered provinces. The heydays of institutional transplantation were during the decolonization era and the post Cold-war era, in which former colonies copied institutions. The latter can be exampled with the implementation of neoliberal policies in a former communist region, which can be seen as a failed implementation (▇▇▇▇ and ▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, 2010). But institutional transplantation has gained more popularity in this era of globalization, or as ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. state: ‘’The intensification of international and transnational exchanges, seems to stimulate institutional transplantation’’. The time/space compression mentioned by ▇▇▇▇▇▇ as ‘Everywhere is at the same place’ (2007) indicates the speed of transplantation. Also the fact that hierarchical relations between the host and the donor societies have eroded (which was not the case in the decolonization era) contributes to the idea of more institutional transplantation. A CBA is an example of a planning tool which fits in this contemporary context. The CBA needs to cross some hurdles set by institutional differences to be implemented in another country with different institutions. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. define this as transplants from the Anglo-Saxon world. They describe the implementation of privatization, in which the market gains more power, as the major Anglo-Saxon (American and British) transplantation, and the CBA can be seen as one of them. I will focus on three hurdles which can interfere with the transplantation of CBAs from an American context (the donor society) to the Dutch context (the host society). These three hurdles will be planning practices, the law and culture. The planning practices in the United States differ from planning practices in the Netherlands for several reasons. First of all, the planning legislations in the United States differ per state and differ per region. Some states are even using planning legislations which derive from the 1920’s (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ and ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇...