Interim summary. Formatted: Right: 0.63 cm Formatted: Right: 0.63 cm Method Measures with significant associates Positive associates Total number of measures 11 Negative associates More unawareness=lower/less X Formatted: Top: 4 cm, Bottom: 2.54 cm, Header stance from edge: 1.25 cm, Footer distance from dge: 1.25 cm Total number of measures Formatted: Right: 0.63 cm Total number of measures 1 Total number of measures 1 Formatted: Right: 0.63 cm
Interim summary. The results above demonstrate that this group of FLL patients in fact showed adequate awareness of their difficulties, with no difference being seen between raters’ (self or informant) appraisal of the patients’ functioning. Time (pre- and post-surgery) was found to be significant, suggesting that both parties noticed and were able to identify changes following surgery, with both reporting an increase in difficulties overall. These findings, therefore, do not support our first hypothesis (H1).
Interim summary. In this section, I introduce the building blocks of the model. I define a representation as constituted by a set of unique elements with some properties and their axioms, optionally connected by at least one of three relations: precedence, correspondence, or dominance. I also show that a representation represents a full OT candidate, since it includes input and output elements, as well as the relation between the two sets of elements. Finally, I distinguish between instance, type, and kind of relations. This allows us to formulate Hypothesis I more precisely in terms of identity of types among correspondence relations.
Interim summary. In this section, I introduced some common axioms that apply to relations. In particular, I argue that I/O-Correspondence and φ-Correspondence are both heterogenous relations that adhere to the axioms of symmetric inverse and minimum distance. In section 2.1.3.2, I argue that two types of relations are of the same kind if and only if they share the exact same set of axioms. Since I/O-Correspondence and φ- Correspondence adhere to the same set of axioms, and no other axiom exists for either I/O-Correspondence or φ-Correspondence, I conclude that the model satisfies Hypothesis I, reproduced here: I/O Correspondence, O/I Correspondence, and all φ-Correspondence relations are different types of the same kind of correspondence relation. This is a true, but purely theoretical statement that applies to the model defined so far. From chapter 3 on, I show that the proposed theory is empirically adequate and phonologically sound.
Interim summary. In this section, I introduce the four constraint schemas RELATE-X, UNIQUE-X, CONTIGUOUS-X, and IDENT-XY. I argue that the same definitions apply to both I/O- Correspondence and φ-Correspondence constraints, and that different effect on the representation is entirely due to the effects contingent the properties of the elements they act on. Given these definitions, I conclude that φ-Correspondence also satisfies Hypothesis II, reproduced below. For each relation type I/O Correspondence, O/I Correspondence, and all φ- Correspondence, there is a proper set of constraints that adhere to the same set of correspondence constraint schemas. (xv)
Interim summary. In this section, I briefly discuss some axioms of the other two relations in the model: precedence and dominance. Although the focus of this dissertation is on correspondence, I show that the definition of the relations in the system either sheds some light on the axiom of correspondence, or it has fundamental repercussions on the definition of correspondence relations and correspondence constraints.
Interim summary. In this section, I provide a definition of φ-heads. I show that assuming φ-heads does not require the definition of a new property, since prosodic heads are independently postulated. I also argue that the axiom on heads that applies to φ-heads naturally extends to the standard definition of other phonological heads. I also demonstrate how φ-heads are a main factor in the superficial distinction between I/O-Correspondence and φ-Correspondence and how their existence limits the set of possible structures permitted by the theory.
Interim summary. A second person morpheme obligatorily attaches to the right edge of the C-domain in verb final clauses. All non-subject initial clauses – i.e. main and embedded – with a second person subject allow for pro-drop. So far nothing new: 1–5 also hold for other Bavarian varieties reported in the literature.4 N.B.: Attachment to any X◦ or XP already casts doubt on the traditional analysis.
Interim summary. From the research reviewed in this section, we have seen that offspring exposure to maternal stress during gestation can have long lasting detrimental effects on behavioural and emotional adjustment across the childhood years. Much of this impairment manifests as stress-related psychopathology such as depression. Furthermore, gross environmental adversity during childhood, specifically experience of child abuse and neglect (collectively termed child maltreatment), is also strongly associated with affective psychopathology, which manifests predominantly during adulthood. The effects of exposure to early life stress (prenatal maternal stress and child maltreatment) are argued to be mediated by generalised vulnerability to stress reactivity. This notion suggests that dysregulation in biological stress systems may be one putative mechanism for the biological embedding of adversity into vulnerability for stress- related disorders such as depression. Furthermore, the similarity in psychological outcomes between individuals exposed to gross adversity during childhood (i.e. child maltreatment) and during gestation (i.e. intrauterine exposure to maternal stress during pregnancy) resonates equifinality, further alluding to a shared underlying mechanism for the translation of psychosocial adversity into risk for affective psychopathology. The initial literature on foetal programming effects, as indexed by poor obstetric outcomes, demonstrated negative consequences on cardio-metabolic parameters. These findings support the notion of programming of biological systems relevant to chronic health conditions. Thus, the next section will review the literature on the effects of early life stress on neuroendocrine, inflammatory and metabolic systems. It will conceptualise these systems both as outcomes per se and as potential mediators for the biological embedding of adversity on risk for depression.
Interim summary nominal and verbal agreement with numerals
