IQGAP1 Sample Clauses

IQGAP1. IQGAP1 has been associated with multiple cellular processes by interacting with more than 130 binding partners thanks to its multifunctional domains (Xxxxxx et al., 2015). Initially it was observed to bind the actin cytoskeleton and active Cdc42 and Rac1 but not RhoA in a Ca2+/calmodulin dependent manner thereby acting as a cross-linking protein and scaffold in regulating the actin cytoskeleton (Xxxxxxx et al., 1997; Xx et al., 1999; Xxxxxx et al., 1996). The interaction of IQGAP1 with the Rho GTPases has been extensively described; recently it was proposed that the GRD domain interacts with Rac1 and Cdc42 with different affinities while the RasGAP-CT is also important in mediating the interaction of IQGAP1 with the Rho GTPases (Xxxxx et al., 2017). Additionally, the regions on IQGAP1 interacting with Rac1 and Cdc42 are overlapping but not identical (Nouri et al., 2017). In fact, IQGAP1 has been shown to maintain the active state of Cdc42 by inhibiting its GTPase activity (Xxxxx-Xxxxxxxx et al., 2002). IQGAP1 mediated regulation of Rac1 appears to be more complex as it has been shown to promote Rac1 mediated migration in glioma cells (Xx et al., 2009) while promoting Rac1 deactivation by interacting with RacGAP1 in U-2OS osteosarcoma cells (Xxxxxxxxx et al., 2013). Since then, IQGAP1 has also been reported to bind GTP bound prenylated RhoA (Xxxxxxx et al., 2012). In addition, IQGAP1 has been implicated in cell polarisation as it has been reported to bind CLIP- 170 which in turns interacts with elongating microtubules at the cell periphery (Xxxxxx et al., 2001; Xxxxx and Xxxxxxxx, 2010). This interaction allows a complex between CLIP-170, IQGAP1 and activated Rac1/Cdc42 to be formed which in turn recruits elongating microtubules towards the leading cell edge of Vero cells ultimately implicating IQGAP1 in cell polarisation (Xxxxxx et al., 2001). The implication of IQGAP1 in directional cell migration was further confirmed when Xxxx et al., also showed that IQGAP1 is localised close to the leading edge of MDA-MB-231 cells (Xxxx et al., 2013). This localisation is mediated by the type Iγ phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5- kinase (PIPKIγ) recruiting IQGAP1 at the leading edge where IQGAP1 is also able to bind Phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate (PIP2) (Xxxx et al., 2013). The interaction between IQGAP1 and PIP2 confers the necessary conformational change that triggers IQGAP1 to activate key actin polymerisation regulators N-WASP and Arp2/3 complex. Loss of t...
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