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Phase Behavior Sample Clauses

Phase Behavior. 2.1). This type of phase environment is called Xxxxxx Type I, or alternatively Type II(−) in some of the literature. If the surfactant concentration is below CMC, the two phases are an aqueous phase containing all the surfactant, electrolytes, and dissolved oil at the water solubility limit and a pure excess oil phase. For high salinity, an excess water phase and a microemulsion phase containing most of the surfactant and oil, and some solubilized water exist. This type of phase environment is called Xxxxxx Type 2.2). An overall composition at intermediate salinity separates into three phases. These phases are excess oil and water phases and a microemulsion phase whose composition is represented by an invariant point. This phase environment is called Xxxxxx Type III, or just Type III (Fig. 2.3). Other variables besides electrolyte concentrations, e.g. alcohol type and concentration, the equivalent alkane carbon number of the oil or solvent and changes in temperature or pressure also cause a phase environment shift from one type of phase behavior to another type. Three papers by Xxxxx et al. [1994 a,b,c] show that the phase behavior of surfactants with both pure chlorocarbons such as trichloroethylene (TCE) and mixtures of chlorocarbons such as TCE and carbon tetrachloride is essentially identical in form to the classical behavior with hydrocarbons, so we are justified in using the same approach for these contaminants as we have used for hydrocarbons. The surfactant/oil/water phase behavior can be represented as a function of effective salinity once the binodal curve and tie lines are described. The phase behavior model in UTCHEM uses Hand's rule (Hand, 1939) and is based on the work by Xxxx and Xxxxxx [1978], Xxxxxxxx et al. [1984b; 1985; 1986], Xxxxx [1984], and Xxxxxxxxx et al. [1987a,b,c]. The effective salinity increases with the divalent cations bound to micelles (Xxxxxx et al., 1979; Xxxxxxxx, 1982; Xxxxxxxxx et al., 1987a,b,c) and decreases as the temperature increases for anionic surfactants and increases as the temperature increases for nonionic surfactants. C SE = C 51 (1 − β 6 fs )−1 [1 + β (T − Tref )]−1 (2.27) T where C51 is the aqueous phase anion concentration; β6 is a positive constant; f s is the fraction of the total s Cs Cm divalent cations bound to surfactant micelles as f6 = 6 ; and βΤ is the temperature coefficient. The effective salinities at which the three equilibrium phases form or disappear are called lower and upper limits of ef...
Phase Behavior. Three recent papers by Xxxxx et al. [1994a,b,c] show that the phase behavior of surfactants with both pure chlorocarbons and mixtures of chlorocarbons is similar to classical phase behavior with hydrocarbons. The phase behavior changes from microemulsion in equilibrium with excess oil (Xxxxxx Type I or Type II(-)) to microemulsion in equilibrium with excess aqueous and organic phase (Xxxxxx Type III), and to microemulsion in equilibrium with excess water (Xxxxxx Type II or Type II(+)) as salinity increases. The lower (CSEL) and upper (CSEU) limits of effective salinity are the effective salinity which three phases form or disappear. The optimal salinity (CSEOP) is defined as the midpoint of these two salinity limits (Xxxxxxx et al. 1979). Hand's equation (Xxxx and Xxxxxx, 1978) is used in UTCHEM to describe the phase envelope, binodal curve. The concentrations at binodal curve are described by the following equation:

Related to Phase Behavior

  • Behaviour No obscene or insulting language or disorderly behaviour shall be permitted. This includes any form of entertainment that may be considered lewd or inappropriate for a public place or that may offend or cause embarrassment to others.

  • Behavior Students must respect each other.

  • WORKPLACE BEHAVIOR ‌ 3.1 The Employer and the Union agree that all employees should work in an environment that fosters mutual respect and professionalism. The parties agree that inappropriate behavior in the workplace does not promote a college’s/district’s business, employee well-being, or productivity. All employees are responsible for contributing to such an environment and are expected to treat others with courtesy and respect. 3.2 Inappropriate workplace behavior by employees, supervisors and/or managers will not be tolerated. If an employee and/or the employee’s union representative believes the employee has been subjected to inappropriate workplace behavior, the employee and/or the employee’s representative is encouraged to report this behavior to the employee’s supervisor, a manager in the employee’s chain of command and/or the Human Resources Office. An employee or the employee’s representative should identify complaints as inappropriate workplace behavior. The Employer will investigate the reported behavior and take appropriate action as necessary. The employee and/or union representative will be notified upon conclusion of the investigation. Upon request, the Employer will provide the employee and the union representative with a copy of the investigation report. 3.3 Retaliation against employees who make a workplace behavior complaint will not be tolerated. 3.4 Supervisors, managers and Human Resource Office staff will be trained on Article 3, Workplace Behavior. The Employer and the Union agree to prepare and make available online a 15-minute joint training online presentation on workplace behavior for all employees covered by this CBA and their supervisors, managers and Human Resources staff. 3.5 Grievances related to this Article may be processed through Step 3 of the Grievance Procedure.

  • PROFESSIONAL BEHAVIOR Teachers are expected to comply with reasonable rules, regulations, and directions adopted by the Board, or its representatives, which are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement, provided that a teacher may reasonably refuse to carry out an order which threatens physical safety or well being or is professionally demeaning.

  • Alcohol Testing Alcohol testing will be conducted by using an evidential breath-testing device (EBT) approved by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. A screening test will be conducted first. This initial screening may be accomplished using a saliva test kit. If the result is an alcohol concentration level of less than 0.02 percent, the test is considered a negative test. If the alcohol concentration level is 0.02 percent or more, a second confirmation test using the EBT will be conducted. The procedures that will be utilized by the lab for collection and testing of the specimen are attached hereto as Appendix A.

  • Screening After you sign and date the consent document, you will begin screening. The purpose of the screening is to find out if you meet all of the requirements to take part in the study. Procedures that will be completed during the study (including screening) are described below. If you do not meet the requirements, you will not be able to take part in the study. The study investigator or study staff will explain why. As part of screening, you must complete all of the items listed below: • Give your race, age, gender, and ethnicity • Give your medical history o You must review and confirm the information in your medical history questionnaire • Give your drug, alcohol, and tobacco use history • Give your past and current medication and treatment history. This includes any over-the-counter or prescription drugs, such as vitamins, dietary supplements, or herbal supplements, taken in the past 28 days • Height and weight will be measured • Physical exam will be done • Electrocardiogram (ECG) will be collected. An ECG measures the electrical activity of the heart • You may be tested for COVID-19 o Blood tests for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B, and hepatitis C o Blood tests to see how your blood clots ▪ Fibrinogen ▪ PT/INR/aPTT o Blood tests for amylase and lipase (enzymes that help with digestion, Part B only) o Blood tests for a lipid (fats) panel (Part B only) ▪ Total cholesterol ▪ Triglycerides ▪ HDL ▪ Direct HDL o Blood tests to check your thyroid function (Part B and Part C only) ▪ TSH ▪ Free T4 o Urine to test for drugs of abuse (illegal and prescription) o Urine tests to check your albumin/ creatinine ratio o Females who have not had a period for at least 12 months in a row will have a blood hormone test to confirm they cannot have children • The study investigator may decide to do an alcohol breath test • The use of proper birth control will be reviewed (males only) • You will be asked “How do you feel?” HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C will be tested at screening. If anyone is exposed to your blood during the study, you will have these tests done again. If you have a positive test, you cannot be in or remain in the study. HIV is the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). If your HIV test is positive, you will be told about the results. It may take weeks or months after being infected with HIV for the test to be positive. The HIV test is not always right. Having certain infections or positive test results may have to be reported to the State Department of Health. This includes results for HIV, hepatitis, and other infections. If you have any questions about what information is required to be reported, please ask the study investigator or study staff. Although this testing is meant to be private, complete privacy cannot be guaranteed. For example, it is possible for a court of law to get health or study records without your permission.

  • Study An application for leave of absence for professional study must be supported by a written statement indicating what study or research is to be undertaken, or, if applicable, what subjects are to be studied and at what institutions.

  • Outcomes Secondary: Career pathway students will: have career goals designated on SEOP, earn concurrent college credit while in high school, achieve a state competency certificate and while completing high school graduation requirements.

  • Substance Abuse Testing The Parties agree that it is in the best interest of all concerned to promote a safe working environment. The Union has no objection to pre-employment substance abuse testing when required by the Employer and further, the Union has no objection to voluntary substance abuse testing to qualify for employment on projects when required by a project owner. The cost and scheduling of such testing shall be paid for and arranged by the Employer. The Union agrees to reimburse the Employer for any failed pre-access Alcohol and Drug test costs.

  • Medication 1. Xxxxxxx’s physician shall prescribe and monitor adequate dosage levels for each Client. 2. Xxxxxxx’s physician shall not impose and/or limit dosage capitations for any prescribed medication for the treatment of opioid use disorder.