Radiography. Only authorized persons shall handle the radioactive materials. The area must be cordoned off properly.
Radiography. Orthopedic medicine.
Radiography. Radiography uses photons emitted from a radiation source (either an X-ray generator or a radio isotope gamma-ray source) to penetrate the test material and cause exposure of a photo-stimulable detector or film positioned near the opposite surface. The photons passing through the test material are attenuated and scattered because of interactions with the atomic structure of the material. Consequently, spatial variations in material composition results in spatial variations in the photon intensity captured by the detector or film. Generally, variations in density are recorded as contrast variations on the film or image produced from the photo-stimulable detector. In modern digital radiographic testing, the detector readings are digitized and converted to pixel intensity values through which spatial variations can be visualized on a computer monitor as color or grayscale contrast. The spatial variation in pixel intensity is used to identify and measure defects or structural damage, and to visualize embedded features for repair or retrofit operations. Radiography has been used to detect grout voids, strand corrosion, and strand fracture in the tendons of post-tensioned concrete bridges. In addition, this technology has been used for the verification of re-grouting operations, the location and sizing of steel reinforcing bars and embedded utilities, and the visualization of unknown construction details. Radiography accommodates a wide range of construction materials (including plastic and metal ducts), embedded features with complex geometries, and both internal and external post-tensioning configurations. Access to the front and back surfaces of the region to be imaged is required for successful NDE. Portable, high intensity MeV X-ray generators are available that provide sufficient energy to image concrete sections up to 150 centimeters (5 feet) in thickness. Unlike gamma ray-producing isotope sources, which are decaying isotopes and therefore produce radiation constantly, X-ray machines only emit radiation during testing, thereby providing better control over work site safety. In addition, the developments of digital detectors and advanced image reconstruction algorithms have improved imaging capabilities and have enhanced data preservation and manipulation. These technological advances improve the efficiency, portability, and safety of field deployable radiographic testing equipment. The advances have improved the quality of radiographic images, making radi...
Radiography. The rates shall be quoted per weld joint /Inch Dia radio graphed for different range of sizes, but irrespective of schedules and material. The mobilisation charges for the X-ray machine shall be quoted separately. This item is indented to cover all the operations and arrangements such as supply of X-ray machines, penetra-meters, screens, films, necessary scaffoldings if any, etc., required for performing radiography of welds. 100% of the stainless steel butt weld and mitre weld joints along with heat affected zone shall be radio graphed. Radiography shall be conducted as per the relevant procedures and codes. In all radiography films, 2-2T sensitivity level shall be achieved. The quoted rates shall include supply of good quality film and developing charges of film. The developed film shall be handed over to the Department with the joint identification number marked on the film. During the inspection, if any defect is found, it shall be the responsibility of the contractor to rectify the defect or re-execute the work with out additional charge for both welding and radiography. It is required to carry out the radiography of joints using X-ray machines only. The joint(s) which are inaccessible for X-Ray machine shall be carried out by Gamma-Ray source of 2-2T sensitivity level. However the decision (“inaccessible for X-Ray”) shall be taken only by the Department.
Radiography. You as a student are responsible for meeting requirements for your curriculum. Your advisor is available for consultation. At least 15 of these credit hours must be taken at Mid. A minimum of 73.5 credits is required to complete this program.
