Research and Objectives Sample Clauses

Research and Objectives. The current proposal aims to make a substantial contribution towards the success of beta cell replacement becoming a viable treatment option for type 1 diabetes (“T1D”) patients. T1D is an auto-immune disease which results in the destruction of insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a consequence, patients suffer from diabetes and depend on frequent insulin injections to stay alive. They need to monitor their blood sugar levels and dose their insulin injections accordingly. The dosing is, however, based on an approximation and does not lead to ideal normalisation of blood sugar levels. Even with the best possible dosing regimen, patients are at risk of hypoglycaemic episodes, which can be life threatening, as well as chronic hyperglycaemia, which leads to eye and kidney disease, nerve damage and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. To date the only possibility to cure T1D is beta cell replacement. This involves transplantation of the entire pancreas or of its insulin producing cells. The downside of this treatment is the severity of detrimental side effects of the immune suppressive medication necessary to avoid transplant rejection. Having said that, the need for immune suppression can be circumvented by encapsulation of the transplanted cells. Thereby, transplanted cells are surrounded by a porous capsule, typically made of alginate, which allows them not only to survive but also to exchange small molecules such as glucose and insulin with their environment all the while shielding them from cells of the immune system1. Efforts to translate this concept into a clinical product have been plagued by poor survival of the transplanted beta cells. Within the capsules, oxygen supply is often sub-optimal and pro-inflammatory cytokines can lead to death of sensitive cells, thus compromising the long term effect and success of this so called bio-artificial pancreas. The current proposal suggests the combination of two major advancements: a novel source of surrogate beta cells, termed Melligen cells, which are resistant to pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in beta cell death1. Melligen cells are derived from a liver cell line and are capable of controlled insulin release2. Since the liver originates from the cell germ cell layer as the pancreas, its cells have certain similarities to pancreatic beta cells but are more robust due to the liver’s function as a detoxification organ. Melligen cells hold great promise to survive for a long time in a t...
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