Structured Overlay Networks and Peer-to-Peer Systems Sample Clauses

Structured Overlay Networks and Peer-to-Peer Systems. Research on peer-to-peer networks has evolved into research on structured overlay networks, in particular on Distributed Hash Tables (DHTs). The main differences between popular peer-to-peer systems and structured overlay networks are that the latter provide strong guarantees on routing and message delivery, and are implemented with more efficient algorithms [GHVR05]. The research on structured overlay networks has matured considerably in the last few years [ABER05, ELAN03, GHOD05, GHVR05, KAAS03, ROWS01, STOI01, ZHAO04]. Hardware infrastructures such as PlanetLab have enabled DHTs to be tested in realistically harsh environments [CHUN03]. This has led to structured peer- to-peer communication and storage infrastructures in which failures and system changes are handled gracefully. Peer-to-peer systems such as Napster and Gnutella were initially built to enable using the resources of machines located at the edge of the network. For example, in Napster, music files were transferred directly between end users. Because of legal issues, completely decentralized systems, such as Gnutella, were built and popularized. These systems facilitated resource sharing in a completely decentralized way, i.e., there is no single point of failure. Much of the work up to this point was naïve and made use of techniques and algorithms known in computer science for decades, e.g., Gnutella uses a simple broadcast and converge-cast algorithm with limited horizon to search. The technical inferiority of these systems started much interesting research on several frontiers. For instance, Xxxx and Xxxxxxxx showed already in 2000 that approximately 60-70% of the users were abusing Gnutella, without sharing any resources. This opened up the field for research on using trust models efficiently in decentralized environments to automatically value a node based on its previous behaviour. Others focused on security in general, for instance [ABER04] showed how a system could protect itself from so called Xxxxx attacks, where one node joins the system many times with the purpose of gaining majority or complete control over parts of the system. We believe much of this research is useful in today’s IT solutions where the virtual organization is dynamic and spans multiple sites, where security and trust will be of outmost importance. However, decentralized trust and security management has to be self managing, as the complexity for large-scale systems is too great for human administrators. Hence, ...
Sample 1

Related to Structured Overlay Networks and Peer-to-Peer Systems

  • Switching System Hierarchy and Trunking Requirements For purposes of routing PNG traffic to Verizon, the subtending arrangements between Verizon Tandem Switches and Verizon End Office Switches shall be the same as the Tandem/End Office subtending arrangements Verizon maintains for the routing of its own or other carriers’ traffic (i.e., traffic will be routed to the appropriate Verizon Tandem subtended by the terminating End Office serving the Verizon Customer). For purposes of routing Verizon traffic to PNG, the subtending arrangements between PNG Tandem Switches and PNG End Office Switches shall be the same as the Tandem/End Office subtending arrangements that PNG maintains for the routing of its own or other carriers’ traffic.

  • Trunk Group Architecture and Traffic Routing 5.2.1 The Parties shall jointly establish Access Toll Connecting Trunks between CLEC and CBT by which they will jointly provide Tandem-transported Switched Exchange Access Services to Interexchange Carriers to enable such Interexchange Carriers to originate and terminate traffic from and to CLEC's Customers. 5.2.2 Access Toll Connecting Trunks shall be used solely for the transmission and routing of Exchange Access and non-translated Toll Free traffic (e.g., 800/888) to allow CLEC’s Customers to connect to or be connected to the interexchange trunks of any Interexchange Carrier that is connected to the CBT access Tandem. 5.2.3 The Access Toll Connecting Trunks shall be one-way or two-way trunks, as mutually agreed, connecting an End Office Switch that CLEC utilizes to provide Telephone Exchange Service and Switched Exchange Access Service in the given LATA to an access Tandem Switch CBT utilizes to provide Exchange Access in the LATA.

  • Changes in Equipment, Systems, Etc USBFS reserves the right to make changes from time to time, as it deems advisable, relating to its systems, programs, rules, operating schedules and equipment, so long as such changes do not adversely affect the services provided to the Trust under this Agreement.

  • Financial Management System Subrecipient shall establish and maintain a sound financial management system, based upon generally accepted accounting principles. Contractor’s system shall provide fiscal control and accounting procedures that will include the following: i. Information pertaining to tuition rates, payments, and educational assistance payments; and

  • Computer Systems (a) Servicer to operate systems (b) Servicer to maintain back-up facilities (c) Servicer to notify location of computer tapes

  • PREVAILING WAGE RATES - PUBLIC WORKS AND BUILDING SERVICES CONTRACTS If any portion of work being Bid is subject to the prevailing wage rate provisions of the Labor Law, the following shall apply:

  • Access Toll Connecting Trunk Group Architecture 9.2.1 If ECI chooses to subtend a Verizon access Tandem, ECI’s NPA/NXX must be assigned by ECI to subtend the same Verizon access Tandem that a Verizon NPA/NXX serving the same Rate Center Area subtends as identified in the LERG. 9.2.2 ECI shall establish Access Toll Connecting Trunks pursuant to applicable access Tariffs by which it will provide Switched Exchange Access Services to Interexchange Carriers to enable such Interexchange Carriers to originate and terminate traffic to and from ECI’s Customers. 9.2.3 The Access Toll Connecting Trunks shall be two-way trunks. Such trunks shall connect the End Office ECI utilizes to provide Telephone Exchange Service and Switched Exchange Access to its Customers in a given LATA to the access Tandem(s) Verizon utilizes to provide Exchange Access in such LATA. 9.2.4 Access Toll Connecting Trunks shall be used solely for the transmission and routing of Exchange Access to allow ECI’s Customers to connect to or be connected to the interexchange trunks of any Interexchange Carrier which is connected to a Verizon access Tandem.

  • Infrastructure Infrastructure serves as the foundation and building blocks of an integrated IT solution. It is the hardware which supports Application Services (C.3.2) and IT Management Services (C.3.3); the software and services which enable that hardware to function; and the hardware, software, and services which allow for secure communication and interoperability between all business and application service components. Infrastructure services facilitate the development and maintenance of critical IT infrastructures required to support Federal government business operations. This section includes the technical framework components that make up integrated IT solutions. One or any combination of these components may be used to deliver IT solutions intended to perform a wide array of functions which allow agencies to deliver services to their customers (or users), whether internal or external, in an efficient and effective manner. Infrastructure includes hardware, software, licensing, technical support, and warranty services from third party sources, as well as technological refreshment and enhancements for that hardware and software. This section is aligned with the FEA/DoDEA Technical Reference Model (TRM) which describes these components using a vocabulary that is common throughout the entire Federal government. A detailed review of the TRM is provided in Section J, Attachment 5. Infrastructure includes complete life cycle support for all hardware, software, and services represented above, including planning, analysis, research and development, design, development, integration and testing, implementation, operations and maintenance, information assurance, and final disposition of these components. The services also include administration and help desk functions necessary to support the IT infrastructure (e.g., desktop support, network administration). Infrastructure components of an integrated IT solution can be categorized as follows:

  • Hardware and Software Requirements In order to access and retain Disclosures electronically, you must satisfy the following computer hardware and software requirements: access to the Internet; an email account and related software capable of receiving email through the Internet; a web browser which is SSL-compliant and supports secure sessions, and hardware capable of running this software.

  • Workstation/Laptop encryption All workstations and laptops that process and/or store DHCS PHI or PI must be encrypted using a FIPS 140-2 certified algorithm which is 128bit or higher, such as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). The encryption solution must be full disk unless approved by the DHCS Information Security Office.