The Subjectivity of Labour Sample Clauses

The Subjectivity of Labour i) Labour as a Subject 34 x. x. Xxxxx and later the political economists – those who have been lifted out of the backwards age of the fetishism of metal-money or land. all, only as an abstract subject for political economy. Indeed, for Xxxx in the Manuscripts, those who labour, the workers, are characterised at all points by their lack of power, and, in the estrangement of labour, by the almost total destruction of their subjectivity. Xxxx is centrally concerned with the meaning of the “reduction of the greater part of mankind to abstract labour” [EW, p.289].35 In the Manuscripts, Xxxx recognises that the historical rise of modern industry and capital has coincided with the reduction of the majority of mankind to abstract labour. He stops short however of developing a theory of the connection between abstract labour and capital. I would argue that the relationship between the element of non-human subjectivity that has been identified in the investigation of modern industry above, and that is formulated in the laws of political economy, poses unresolved question for Xxxx about the notion of abstract labour. It is only in his later writings however that abstract labour appears as a norm that is both imposed on producers by the process of competition, and that both results from and is reproduced by the active choices made about the distribution of production and productivity by the masters of industry. This process causes a further modification in the content of abstract labour.36 Abstract labour, being determined by external factors (competition and the ‘masters of industry’), is therefore not a subject in any conventional sense, but is rather better characterised as the absence of a subject. As an external constraint on the producer, abstract labour is the medium through which the social character of labour is transmitted, while at the same time it is not the product of any conscious regulation of production. For Xxxx in the Manuscripts, abstract labour is the means by which he defines the proletarian, as someone who lives only by “one-sided, abstract labour” [EW, p.288]. For political economy, the 35 Xxxx associates this question with a more practical question, although the connection between the two is not self-evident. He asks what mistakes are made by those who seek to improve the situation of the working class by piecemeal reforms, or those who see these reforms as the goal of a social revolution (Xxxx Early Writings, p.289). Xxxx believes it is necess...
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