Two - Dimensional Approaches of Religiosity Sample Clauses

Two - Dimensional Approaches of Religiosity. ‌ Attempts to define and measure religiosity initially started with one-dimensional approaches such as church attendance (frequency). As a result, the scope and boundaries of religiosity were quite narrowly defined in these measurements. These surveys only embraced one set of factors. Xxxxxx’s questionnaire on religiosity can be classified in this category, because he focused mainly on religious faith (Meadow & Xxxxx, 1984, p. 301). Xxxxxxxxx and Xxxxx (1929) developed similar questionnaires to measure attitudes towards the church (Xxxxx, 1991, p. 206). American psychologists and sociologists of religion such as Xxxxxxx Xxxx (1891), Xxxxx Xxxxx (1912), Xxxxx Xxxxxxxx (1899) and Xxxxxxx Xxxxx (1902) initially studied religion by employing similar one-dimensional approaches, with a particular focus on religious emotions (Xxxxx, 1991, p. 200). Subsequently, researchers such as Thouless (1985), Xxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxxxxx (1963), and Xxxxxx and Xxxxxxx (1960) also investigated religiosity on a one-dimensional scale (Xxxxxx & Xxxxx, 1984, p. 301). These surveys on religion have often been criticized because they tend to measure individual religiosity as a belief in the normative doctrines of particular religious traditions (Hood, Spilka, Xxxxxxxxxx & Xxxxxxx, 1996). All attempts to operationalize the concept of religiosity which we have mentioned here, have in common that they each rely on a single measurement, for example combining frequency of church attendance with frequency of communion attendance, or frequency of personal prayer with the degree of involvement in the overall organizational life of the congregation. Such measurements of religiosity have revealed significant differences between people. At the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s, for example, it was discovered that among white southern college students, those who attended church were somewhat more biased against blacks than those who never attended. There were, however, equally strong indications that among churchgoers, those who attended more frequently were less prejudiced than irregular churchgoers (Xxxxxxxxx, 2015). The reason for such differences seems to be that religiosity is not a one-dimensional phenomenon: not everyone is religious in the same way. A person may rank high in religiosity on one dimension or measurement, but low on another - or several others. So, if a certain behaviour is correlated with a high score on one scale of religiosity, but with a low score on anot...
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