Elite and Popular Religiosity in Social Scientific Study of Religion Sample Clauses

Elite and Popular Religiosity in Social Scientific Study of Religion. ‌ Islamic history has been a history of interaction between realities and ideas. Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx (2008) Too often, studies on religion have focused on intellectual history as a substitute for social history. In religious studies, theoretical and prescriptive religion has taken priority over the living content of everyday religion (XxXxxxx, 2008, pp. 3-19). The field has preferred to recognise religion as internalized “faith”, built upon a systematic acquaintance with sacred texts, theological doctrines, and legal debates (Grehan, 2014; Xxxxxx, 2011; Xxxxxx-Xxxx, 2012; Ağilkaya-Xxxxx, 2012). It did not investigate properly whether piety and prayer have their own particular history. Metaphorically speaking, “looking upward to the sky rather than downward to earthly matters” (Xxxxxx, 2006, p. 338). As a result, the field has often lapsed into various forms of historical anachronism. Rather than influencing daily social behaviour, religious norms and teachings continued ideals that most individuals did not fully understand. Until recent times, the vast majority of people, be they Muslim, Christian or Jewish, would not have fully recognized or understood the religious culture that is attributed to them today. However, it is not difficult to find the remnants of a mental universe that was very different from the casual assumptions that so many researchers project onto the religion of the past (Grehan, 2014). Historians of pre-modern societies have long been aware that many elements of religious life do not seem to fit with prescribed doctrine or ritual. To address this problem, scholars have proposed theoretical conceptions such as official/unofficial religion and elite/popular religion. Initially, ‘popular religion’ referred mainly to religious practices that were denounced by religious authorities and other observers speaking on behalf of orthodoxy. In these cases, religion is almost automatically defined in terms of institutions (Ter Borg, 1999). Because the term ‘popular religion’ is therefore severely tainted by such pejorative connotations, some scholars have recommended to discard the concept altogether (Grehan, 2014). Xxxxxx Xxxx (2002, p.
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