UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES. Life Sciences and Business Degree Programme | Jurisprudence November 2010| 45 Xxxxx Xxxxx Xxx Xxxxxxxx CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN BUSINESS In business, disagreements may sometimes turn to conflicts. Disagreements can be resolved in different ways before jurisdictional acts, even be prevented. This document examines options to dispute resolution in order to maintain fluent business and trade. The theory is from jurisdictional sources, as well as from web-sources. Also, the representatives of Turku Chamber of Commerce were interviewed as well as specialists in trade and business law. Trade has increased and a new branch of industry has emerged. The demand for contract knowledge is obvious and the need is mainly measured in the number and in the amount of financial interest. The most affordable and the easiest way of handling the disputes is to prevent them. That is the reason, why more resources have been invested in dispute resolution. The most common tools are different clauses in case of a dispute or a disagreement. Risk management and internal quality control, as well as staff training are often in use. Dispute resolution includes optional methods. Arbitration is one of the most well-known institutional methods in parallel with the legal proceedings. Also various conciliation procedures are increasingly popular in business. KEYWORDS: Arbitration, conciliation, dispute resolution, risk management, conflict avoidance 2.1 Ennakoiva sopiminen 7 2.1.1Käsitteen teoriaa 7 2.1.2Ennakoiva sopiminen käytännössä 7 2.2 Riskien hallinta ja laadunvarmistus 10 2.3 Sopimusosaaminen 14 3.1 Riidat sujuvan toiminnan esteenä 15 3.2 Tutkimus 18 4.1 Yritysten keskinäinen sopiminen 19 4.2 Tuomioistuinsovittelu 20 5.1 Erilaiset sovittelumenetelmät 23 5.2 Kuluttajariitalautakunta 24 6.1 Perinteinen riidanratkaisutapa 26 6.2 Välimiesmenettely 29 6.2.1Kehittyvä menettely 29 6.2.2Välimiesmenettelyn kulku 30 6.2.3Nopeutettu välimieskäsittely 33 6.2.4Välimiesmenettelyn tulevaisuus 33
UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES. Oikeushallinto Author Xxxxx Xxxxxx Title Unfairness in consumer contracts, The legal position of the consumer as the weaker party to the contract Year 2020 Language Finnish Pages 53 Name of Supervisor Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx- Xxxxxxxx This thesis researched unfair terms in consumer contracts from the perspective of the consumer's poor legal position. The aim was to study through preliminary work in law, relevant legislation, judicial literature and legal cases, how unfair- ness and the consumer's poorer legal position are evident in consumer contracts. The subject of the thesis was consumer contracts made by consumers and traders containing unfair terms. The theoretical framework of the study is based on preliminary work on the law, relevant legislation, judicial literature and research material. The material used in the study was secondary material: Supreme Court precedents and one Market Court ruling on the unfairness of consumer contracts. The study was conducted as a legal using content analysis as well as empirical research methods. Qualitative research was used as the research method. Content analysis and legal hermeneu- tics were selected from the qualitative research types and the research material was analyzed by using them. According to the results of the research, the consumer position in the consumer contracts was poorer than the trader´s position. The role of the Consumer Disputes Board chairman played an important role in the legal position of consumers. According to the Supreme Court it was reasonable to have to pay for a paper bill and to continue a temporary contract with a new temporary contract, despite the passivity of the consumer. The consumer's responsibility to read the terms of the contract was emphasized in the conclusions of the research results. In conclusion, the prohibition of unfair terms proved to be the most cost-effective solution in un- fair contract term situations. Keywords consumer contract, consumer, trader, unfair contract term TIIVISTELMÄ ABSTRACT 1 JOHDANTO 5 1.1 Aiemmat tutkimukset 5 1.2 Tutkimuksen aihe ja tavoitteet 7 1.3 Tutkimusongelma 8 1.4 Tutkimusmenetelmät ja tutkimusmetodit 9 1.5 Tutkimuksen rakenne 10 2 KULUTTAJASOPIMUKSEN OSAPUOLET 11 2.1 Kuluttaja 11 2.2 Elinkeinonharjoittaja 13 3 KULUTTAJASOPIMUS 14 3.1 Sopimuksista yleisesti 15 3.1.1 Sopimuksen synty 15 3.1.2 Sopimusvapaus ja sopimuspakko 17 3.1.3 Sopimusoikeuden periaatteita 18 3.1.4 Sopimuksen tulkinta 18 3.2 Sopimustyyppijaottelu 20 3.2.1 Vakiosopimukset ...
UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES. Liiketalouden koulutusohjelma Author Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx Title CETA – The Free Trade Agreement Year 2022 Language Finnish Pages 41 + 2 Appendices Name of Supervisor Xxxxx Xxxxxxx The topic of this thesis is the free trade agreement between EU and Canada called CETA (Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement). The objective of this thesis was to collect the most important points of the contract into one place, ana- lyze the possibilities and threats and find out, if Finnish companies are aware of the agreement. Also, this thesis aimed to find out, is there a boost in interest to- wards trade between Canada and Finland after CETA and would doing business in Canada now be more profitable for Finnish companies. The theoretical section of the study consists of the following themes: free trade agreement, European Commission information and interviews related to the sub- ject matter. Qualitative research was used as a research method and theme inter- view was the selected method for gathering information. There were six special- ists who were interviewed for this study from five different companies. Keywords Free Trade Agreement, Canada, European Union, Export, Import TIIVISTELMÄ ABSTRACT 1 JOHDANTO 8 1.1 Aiheen esittely 8 1.2 Tutkimuksen tavoitteet ja rajaus 8 1.3 Rakenne 9 2 CETA 10 2.1 Mitä CETA tekee? 10 2.2 Mitä hyötyä tullimaksujen poistamisesta on? 11 2.3 Kuinka CETA tekee eurooppalaisista yrityksistä kilpailukykyisempiä Kanadassa? 11 2.4 Voivatko EU-maiden yritykset tehdä tarjouksia julkisista sopimuksista Kanadassa? 12 2.5 Kuinka CETA avaa kanadalaista palvelumarkkinaa? 12 2.6 Mitä mahdollisuuksia CETA tarjoaa maanviljelijöille, elintarvikkeiden tuottajille ja Euroopan perinteisten ruoka- ja juomatuotteiden valmistajille? 13 2.7 Kuinka CETA leikkaa yritysten kuluja pitäen yllä korkeita standardeja? 15 2.8 Kuinka pienet ja keskisuuret yritykset hyötyvät? 16 2.9 Kuinka kuluttajat hyötyvät? 16 2.10 Tuleeko EU:n kansalaiselle olemaan helpompaa työskennellä Kanadassa? 17 2.11 Kuinka pätevyyden/tutkinnon vastavuoroinen tunnustaminen tapahtuu? 17 2.12 Kuinka CETA helpottaa eurooppalaisten yritysten investointien tekoa Kanadaan? 17 2.13 Kuinka CETA suojaa sijoituksia? 18 2.14 Kuinka CETA auttaa Euroopan luovia aloja, innovaattoreita ja taiteilijoita? 19 2.15 Kuinka CETA vaikuttaa ihmisten oikeuksiin työssä ja ympäristöön? 19 2.16 Mitä tapahtuu seuraavaksi? 20 2.17 Mitä tarkoitetaan väliaikaisella soveltamisella? 20 2.18 Mitä CETA:n osia EU tulee väliaikaisesti sov...
UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES. Oikeushallinto Author Xxxxx Xxxxxx Title Applying of the Employment Contracts Act to player Con- tracts Year 2022 Language Finnish Pages 45 Name of Supervisor Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx-Xxxxxxxx This thesis studied the application of the Employment Contracts Act in player contracts. The study examined in what situations the Employment Contracts Act is applied to player contracts and what legal effects this can have on the player and the club. This thesis also studied employment and player contracts and high- light the most important points of the Employment Contracts Act in connection with the research problem. The theoretical framework of the study consists of the current legislation, legal literature, and research materials. The study was conducted as a legal study and as a research method used was text analysis. The applicability of the Employ- ment Contracts Act to players’ contracts was examined using valid legal sources. A qualitative research method was used as the research method and content analysis was selected from the qualitative research types to analyze the research data. Based on the results of the study, the Employment Contracts Act applies to play- er contracts in the same way as to any other job. The most important thing is to distinguish between recreational activities and professional sports activities. When the characteristics of an employment relationship are met in a contractual relationship, the agreement must be considered an employment contract. In this case, the mandatory provisions of the Employment Contracts Act must be com- plied with, and it is not possible to deviate from it by any agreement. Keywords player contract, employment contracts act, characteristics of the employment relationship, ordinary hobby activities TIIVISTELMÄ ABSTRACT 1 JOHDANTO 4 1.1 Aiheen rajaus ja tutkimuskysymys 4 1.2 Tutkimuksen tavoitteet 5 1.3 Tutkimusmenetelmät- ja metodit 5 1.4 Aikaisemmat tutkimukset aiheesta 6 1.5 Työnrakenne 7 2 TYÖSOPIMUSLAKI 9 2.1 Lain sisältö ja tarkoitus 9 2.2 Soveltamisala ja poikkeukset 10 2.3 Työsuhteen tunnusmerkit 11 3 TYÖSOPIMUS 13 3.1 Työsopimuksen osapuolet 13 3.2 Työsopimuksen muoto 13 3.3 Työsuhteen kesto 14 3.4 Työnantajan velvoitteet 15 3.5 Työntekijän velvoitteet 17 3.6 Työsuhteen päättäminen 18 4 PELAAJASOPIMUS 21 4.1 Pelaajasopimuksen osapuolet 21 4.2 Pelaajasopimuksen kesto 22 4.3 Pelaajasopimuksen tuomat velvoitteet pelaajalle 22 4.4 Pelaajasopimuksen tuomat velvoitteet seuralle 23 5 PELAAJASOPIMUS TYÖSOPIMUKSENA 26 ...
UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES. Liiketalouden koulutusohjelma Author Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx Title Non-competition agreement in an employment relationship – the significance of the contract from an employee aspect Year 2015 Language Finnish Pages 49 Name of Supervisor Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx-Xxxxxxxx This thesis deals with non-competition agreements in employment relationships. In some cases the employer can ask an employee to sign a non-competition agreement. The agreement restricts workers opportunity to sign an employment contract with a competitive company or establish a company of their own when the work relationship ends with the previous employer. The aim of this thesis is to examine the non-competition agreement and give basic information about the agreement, the contents of it and the juridical meaning of the contract, in particular from the employee’s point of view. This thesis also con- tains the law which is applied in the non-competition agreements, mainly Labour Law, theory of the topic and a couple of law cases concerning the non- competition agreement. Employees’ non-competition agreement is an interesting topic because the con- tents of it are not in-significant especially to the employee. That is why I wanted to study the topic and the practical consequences of the contract from the employ- ees’ point of view. The thesis also discusses a general loyalty obligation in work relationships. Non-competition is automatically valid in employment relationships but a non-competition agreement is valid after termination of the employment. Hence the employee and employer have to make an agreement about with a sepa- rate contract document or include a non-competition term in the contract of em- ployment. The results of the study revealed, for instance, that the non-competition contract significantly binds the employee. That is why it is important that an employee ac- curately becomes familiar with the contract before signing it. Also the employer should make sure that the contract is valid according to law. A non-competition agreement/non-competition term should be as clear as possible. In that way inter- pretation contradictions or court trials could be minimized. TIIVISTELMÄ ABSTRACT 1 JOHDANTO 5 2 TUTKIMUKSEN TAUSTA, TUTKIMUSONGELMA JA TARKOITUS 6 3 TYÖSOPIMUSLAKI – TYÖOIKEUDEN PERUSLAKI 7