Associations and Connotations Sample Clauses

Associations and Connotations. The second common theme described in the studies are associations and connotations that participants expressed regarding bio-based products. In this context, associations mean neutral impressions of participants about bio-based products,, while connotations are valued as positive or negative aspects of bio-based products. In most studies, associations were assessed freely, allowing participants to name what they associated with bio-based products based on prior knowledge. Connotations were sometimes assessed freely and sometimes with guided exercises, where participants had, for example, to value pre-determined statements. Made from renewable resources Xxxxxxxx 2013; Xxxxx 2016; Xxxxxx and Xxxxx 2017 Biodegradable Xxxxx 2016; Xxxxxx and Xxxxx 2017 Environmentally friendly or Xxxxxxxx 2013; Xxxxxxx et al. 2015; Xxxxx 2016; sustainable Xxxxxx and Xxxxx 2017; Xxxxxxxxxxx et al. 2017 Possibility for recycling Xxxxxxxx 2013; Xxxxxxx et al. 2015; Xxxxx 2016; Xxxxxx and Xxxxx 2017 Bio-based is also organic Rumm et al. 2013; Xxxxxxxx 2013; Xxxxxxx et al. 2015; Xxxxxx and Xxxxx 2017; Xxxxxxxxxxx et al. 2017 Lower carbon footprint Xxxxx 2016; Xxxxxxxxxxx et al. 2017 Health Xxxxxxxx 2013; Xxxxxxx et al. 2015 Safe to use Xxxxxxxxxxx et al. 2017; Xxxxxxx et al. 2015 Associations that were found in at least two studies are shown in Table 1. The associations are a mixture of associated product properties (e.g. biodegradable, recyclable, organic), environmental statements (e.g. renewable resources, biodegradable, environmentally friendly, lower carbon footprint) and personal benefits (e.g. health, safe to use). It stands out that most aspects are more or less directly related to the environment. Furthermore, the list contains some common misconceptions, such as the assumption that bio-based products are also organic and that bio-based products are biodegradable or recyclable. Xxxxxxx et al. (2015) conclude that on a product specific level, personal benefits of bio-based products are more relevant for participants’ perception than technical aspects. Environmental friendliness and healthiness, for example, relate to personal benefits, such as personal motives and having a sustainable and healthy lifestyle. Participants generally did not associate bio-based products with technical innovation. Various studies show that people assume that bio-based production is aimed at finding environmentally friendlier solutions. This results in a positive attitude towards bio-based product...
Sample 1
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Associations and Connotations. As described above, consumers link various associations and connotations with bio-based products. Associations are related to environmental aspects, personal benefits and product properties. Various studies show that people assume that bio-based production is aimed at finding environmentally friendlier solutions. This results in a positive attitude towards bio- based products, but also brings with it the problem of high expectations towards them. Furthermore, some common misconceptions are prevailing, such as the assumed link between bio-based and organic products or the assumptions that bio-based products are biodegradable or recyclable. These high expectations and misconceptions bring with it the danger of disappointment, and consequentially a negative consumption decision, if bio-based products do not possess the expected characteristics. There appear to be as many positive as negative connotations about bio-based products. The negative connotations in themselves could prove barriers for further market development. It stands out that on both the positive and the negative side, many are related to the impact on the environment and refer to a global scale. The factual environmental impact of a bio-based product could thus prove to be a very important aspect in the final attitude of consumers. A difference in scale was noticed for economic connotations: positive connotations are related to rather global advantages, while negative ones are on a personal scale. As Xxxxxxx et al. (2015), Xxxxx et al. (2017) and Xxxx et al. (2013) pointed out that personal benefits are most influential on perception and consumption decision, these negative connotations could be especially disadvantageous. While expected health benefits and innovativeness of bio-based products are valued positively, participants do not seem to trust bio-based producers completely regarding their claims and are concerned about ethical issues.
Sample 1

Related to Associations and Connotations

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  • ASSOCIATION AND TEACHER RIGHTS A. Pursuant to the Michigan Public Employment Relations Act, the Board hereby agrees that every employee of the Board shall have the right freely to organize, join and support the Association for the purpose of engaging in collective bargaining or negotiation and other concerted activities for mutual aid and protection. As a duly elected body exercising governmental power under color of law of the State of Michigan, the Board undertakes and agrees that it will not directly or indirectly discourage or deprive or coerce any teacher in the enjoyment of any rights conferred by the Act or other laws of Michigan or the Constitution of Michigan and the United States; that it will not discriminate against any teacher with respect to hours, wages, or any terms or conditions of employment by reason of his membership in the Association, the teacher's participation in any activities of the Association or collective professional negotiations with the Board, or their institution of any grievance, complaint or proceeding under this Agreement or otherwise with respect to any terms or conditions of employment. B. Nothing contained herein shall be construed to deny or restrict to any teacher rights he may have under the Michigan General School Laws or other applicable laws and regulations. The rights granted to teachers hereunder shall be deemed to be in addition to those provided elsewhere. C. The local Xxxxxxxx Education Association and its representatives shall have the right to use school buildings at all reasonable after school hours for meetings, provided that when special custodial service is required, the Board may make a reasonable charge therefore, provided that this shall not interfere with or interrupt normal school operations. D. Duly authorized representatives of the Association and their respective affiliates shall be permitted to transact official Association business on school property at all reasonable times, provided that this shall not interfere with or interrupt normal school operations. E. The Association shall have the exclusive right to post notices of activities and matters of Association concern on teacher bulletin boards, at least one of which shall be provided in each school building. The Association may use the district intra-mail service and teacher mail boxes for communications to teachers. F. The Board agrees to make available to the Association in response to reasonable requests all public information concerning the financial resources of the district, including but not limited to: annual financial reports and audits, register of certificated personnel, tentative budgetary requirements and allocations (including county allocation board budgets), agendas and minutes of all Board meetings, treasurer's reports, census and membership data, names and addresses of all teachers, salaries paid thereto and educational background, and such other information as will assist the Association in developing intelligent, accurate, informed and constructive programs on behalf of the teachers and their students, together with information which may be necessary for the Association to process any grievance or complaint. G. The Board may consult with the Association on any new or modified fiscal, budgetary or tax programs, construction programs, or major revisions of educational policy, which are proposed or under consideration and the Association may be given opportunity to advise the Board with respect to said matters prior to their adoption and/or general publication. The Board shall not submit any proposal for additional operational or building millage without prior consultation with the Association. H. The provisions of this Agreement shall be applied without regard to race, creed, religion, color, national origin, age, sex and/or marital status. Membership in the Association shall not be denied to any teacher because of race, creed, religion, color, national origin, age, sex and/or marital status. I. The rights granted herein to the Association shall not be granted or extended to any competing labor organization. J. The Board shall place on the agenda of each regular board meeting as the first or second item for consideration under "new business" any matters brought to its consideration by the Association so long as those matters are made known to the Superintendent's Office six (6) calendar days prior to said regular meeting. K. The Association shall have a maximum of eleven (11) days total each school year of released time without loss of pay for officers, delegates, committee chairpersons, and/or members to take part in business which pertains to the Association. The Association President shall make all requests on behalf of Association members. The Association shall provide at least five (5) days prior notice. The Association shall pay the substitute fee. Substitutes will be obtained through regular channels.

  • Association Activities The parties agree employees shall have the right to form, join, and participate in the lawful activities of the Association for the purpose of representation in matters of employment relations. No employee shall be interfered with, restrained, coerced, or discriminated against because of the exercise of such rights.

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