Cognitive theories of depression Sample Clauses

Cognitive theories of depression. Cognitive theories of depression emphasise the role of cognitive factors (such as thoughts, images, memories, beliefs, attributions) in the aetiology and maintenance of depression. In particular, they suggest that depression results from maladaptive or irrational cognitions, and the affective, behavioural, and physiological symptoms of the disorder are regarded as secondary manifestations resulting from those maladaptive cognitions (Gotlib & Xxxxxx, 1992). A body of research has examined cognitive aspects of depression, and four main models have gathered considerable theoretical and empirical evidence. Firstly, the learned helplessness model of depression (Xxxxxxxx, 1975; Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxx, & Xxxxxxxx, 1978), which focuses on attributions of uncontrollability over future outcomes, and postulates that depressive individuals have a tendency to attribute negative events to internal, stable and global causes, and positive events to external, unstable, and specific causes (depressogenic attributional style). The model was later reformulated into the hopelessness model of depression (Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxx, & Xxxxx, 1989), which postulates that depression results from the diathesis of a depressogenic attributional style and negative life events. This in turn leads to hopelessness, whereby the individual develops the expectation that desired outcomes will not occur and undesired outcomes will. Secondly, Xxxx developed a cognitive theory of depression that focused on the role of negative automatic thoughts and dysfunctional beliefs in depression (Xxxx, 1976). Thirdly, the differential activation hypothesis was developed to explain the vulnerability to recurrence and relapse in depression (Xxxxxxxx, 1988). Fourthly, Xxxxx-Xxxxxxxx developed a response styles theory of depression that focused on the importance of rumination in depression (Xxxxx-Xxxxxxxx, 1991). The latter three models will be reviewed in the following sections due to being highly influential and relevant for the present study. Xxxx’x cognitive theory The cognitive theory of depression (Xxxx, 1976) suggests that one of the main components of depression is the tendency to view the self, the world, and the future in a negative way (negative cognitive triad). This cognitive triad is apparent through the cognitive distortions that depressed individuals demonstrate, and results from biased information processing. Negative schemas (cognitive structures through which events are processed) are responsible for t...
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