Cognitive theories of depression Sample Clauses

Cognitive theories of depression. Cognitive theories of depression emphasise the role of cognitive factors (such as thoughts, images, memories, beliefs, attributions) in the aetiology and maintenance of depression. In particular, they suggest that depression results from maladaptive or irrational cognitions, and the affective, behavioural, and physiological symptoms of the disorder are regarded as secondary manifestations resulting from those maladaptive cognitions (Gotlib & Xxxxxx, 1992). A body of research has examined cognitive aspects of depression, and four main models have gathered considerable theoretical and empirical evidence. Firstly, the learned helplessness model of depression (Xxxxxxxx, 1975; Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxx, & Xxxxxxxx, 1978), which focuses on attributions of uncontrollability over future outcomes, and postulates that depressive individuals have a tendency to attribute negative events to internal, stable and global causes, and positive events to external, unstable, and specific causes (depressogenic attributional style). The model was later reformulated into the hopelessness model of depression (Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxx, & Xxxxx, 1989), which postulates that depression results from the diathesis of a depressogenic attributional style and negative life events. This in turn leads to hopelessness, whereby the individual develops the expectation that desired outcomes will not occur and undesired outcomes will. Secondly, Xxxx developed a cognitive theory of depression that focused on the role of negative automatic thoughts and dysfunctional beliefs in depression (Xxxx, 1976). Thirdly, the differential activation hypothesis was developed to explain the vulnerability to recurrence and relapse in depression (Xxxxxxxx, 1988). Fourthly, Xxxxx-Xxxxxxxx developed a response styles theory of depression that focused on the importance of rumination in depression (Xxxxx-Xxxxxxxx, 1991). The latter three models will be reviewed in the following sections due to being highly influential and relevant for the present study. Xxxx’x cognitive theory The cognitive theory of depression (Xxxx, 1976) suggests that one of the main components of depression is the tendency to view the self, the world, and the future in a negative way (negative cognitive triad). This cognitive triad is apparent through the cognitive distortions that depressed individuals demonstrate, and results from biased information processing. Negative schemas (cognitive structures through which events are processed) are responsible for t...
AutoNDA by SimpleDocs

Related to Cognitive theories of depression

  • Extra Trips A. Field trips (extra trips) shall be provided by rotation on a list composed of regular drivers who volunteer in descending order of classification seniority (defined in Article 39).

  • Aggravating and Mitigating Factors The penalties in this matter were determined in consideration of all relevant circumstances, including statutory factors as described in CARB’s Enforcement Policy. CARB considered whether the violator came into compliance quickly and cooperated with the investigation; the extent of harm to public health, safety and welfare; nature and persistence of the violation, including the magnitude of the excess emissions; compliance history; preventative efforts taken; innovative nature and the magnitude of the effort required to comply, and the accuracy, reproducibility, and repeatability of the available test methods; efforts to attain, or provide for, compliance prior to violation; action taken to mitigate the violation; financial burden to the violator; and voluntary disclosure. The penalties are set at levels sufficient to deter violations, to remove any economic benefit or unfair advantage from noncompliance, to obtain swift compliance, and the potential costs, risks, and uncertainty associated with litigation. Penalties in future cases might be smaller or larger depending on the unique circumstances of the case.

  • Background Screening and Security 14 These General Contract Conditions supersede and replace in their entirety all General Contract Conditions, Form PUR 1000, which is incorporated by reference in Rule 60A-1.002, Florida Administrative Code (F.A.C.)

  • Organ Transplants This plan covers organ and tissue transplants when ordered by a physician, is medically necessary, and is not an experimental or investigational procedure. Examples of covered transplant services include but are not limited to: heart, heart-lung, lung, liver, small intestine, pancreas, kidney, cornea, small bowel, and bone marrow. Allogenic bone marrow transplant covered healthcare services include medical and surgical services for the matching participant donor and the recipient. However, Human Leukocyte Antigen testing is covered as indicated in the Summary of Medical Benefits. For details see Human Leukocyte Antigen Testing section. This plan covers high dose chemotherapy and radiation services related to autologous bone marrow transplantation to the extent required under R.I. Law § 27-20-60. See Experimental or Investigational Services in Section 3 for additional information. To speak to a representative in our Case Management Department please call 1-401- 000-0000 or 1-888-727-2300 ext. 2273. The national transplant network program is called the Blue Distinction Centers for Transplants. SM For more information about the Blue Distinction Centers for TransplantsSM call our Customer Service Department or visit our website. When the recipient is a covered member under this plan, the following services are also covered: • obtaining donated organs (including removal from a cadaver); • donor medical and surgical expenses related to obtaining the organ that are integral to the harvesting or directly related to the donation and limited to treatment occurring during the same stay as the harvesting and treatment received during standard post- operative care; and • transportation of the organ from donor to the recipient. The amount you pay for transplant services, for the recipient and eligible donor, is based on the type of service.

  • Transplant Services Expenses for the following are excluded:

  • Vlastnictví Zdravotnické zařízení si ponechá a bude uchovávat Zdravotní záznamy. Zdravotnické zařízení a Zkoušející převedou na Zadavatele veškerá svá práva, nároky a tituly, včetně práv duševního vlastnictví k Důvěrným informacím (ve smyslu níže uvedeném) a k jakýmkoli jiným Studijním datům a údajům.

  • School Meals 31) The Academy Trust shall, if requested to do so by or on behalf of any pupils at the Academy, provide school lunches for those pupils unless it would be unreasonable for it to do so. Subject to the provisions of clause 32 charges may be levied for lunches, but the Academy Trust shall otherwise fund the cost of such school lunches from its GAG.

  • Rhytidectomy Scar revision, regardless of symptoms. • Sclerotherapy for spider veins. • Skin tag removal. • Subcutaneous injection of filling material. • Suction assisted Lipectomy. • Tattooing or tattoo removal except tattooing of the nipple/areola related to a mastectomy. • Treatment of vitiligo. • Standby services of an assistant surgeon or anesthesiologist. • Orthodontic services related to orthognathic surgery. • Cosmetic procedures when performed primarily: o to refine or reshape body structures or dental structures that are not functionally impaired; o to improve appearance or self-esteem; or o for other psychological, psychiatric or emotional reasons. • Drugs, biological products, hospital charges, pathology, radiology fees and charges for surgeons, assistant surgeons, attending physicians and any other incidental services, which are related to cosmetic surgery.

  • ARCHAEOLOGY Lessee shall not destroy, disturb, mar, collect, remove or alter any prehistoric or historic resources of any kind on Weld County lands as provided by law. These resources include, but are not limited to, all artifacts of stone, wood or metal, pictographs, structures, and bones. A discovery of anything of prehistoric or historic nature shall be reported to Lessor or the State of Colorado Archaeologist immediately.

  • PROCEDURES AND/OR CRITERIA FOR COURSE ARTICULATION a. Complete the ROP Careers with Children course at Freedom High School with a grade of “B” or better.

Time is Money Join Law Insider Premium to draft better contracts faster.