FERTILIZER POLICY Sample Clauses

FERTILIZER POLICY. In Madagascar, consumption of fertilizer per unit of cultivated rice area was highest in the 70s with a consumption of 15,000 tons per year, corresponding to 15 kg per ha of rice. The State largely contributed to the encouragement of consumption by subsidies which maintained the price of fertilizer at a low level. This subsidy policy continued during the second Republic, that is to say after 1975, but at the same time, state intervention affected the producer price. Collection and marketing of products were placed under the monopoly of State agencies. Moreover, at the beginning of each crop season, the State announced the price which had to be applied to each product. This situation did not encourage farmers to improve their production, even if inputs were at a relatively low price. In 1990, the average use of fertilizer per hectare of rice was only 6 kg, a figure which was one of the lowest in Africa. The world average was around 95 kg, 11 kg in Africa and 63 kg in Asia. In certain African countries south of the equator, this quantity was around 48 kg for Kenya, 12 kg in Côte d’Ivoire, 7 kg in Tanzania. Moreover, Madagascar has always benefited from inputs originating from foreign countries, notably Japan (KR2) and Norway (NORAD), and international organizations such as FAO4. The quantity imported by private traders is low. Since the quantities demanded by farmers are small, private importers have to pay a premium due to the lack of economies of scale in tranportation and distribution. The introduction of fertilizer gifts by donors aggravates the situation, creating an uneven competition between those who can benefit from access to this type of fertilizer and those who can not. Moreover, private operators are confronted by financial risks complicated by fluctuating exchange rates, high interest rates and limited access to credit. Liberalization of fertlizer marketing started in 1985, at the same time as other inputs. However, the state continued to intervene for some time afterwards, maintaining support in the form of subsidies, but the private operators were authorized to import and distribute all forms of agricultural inputs (see table 2.2). 4 These were simply suspended in 1991-92 because of a problem at the payment level against the value of the organization or donor countries. Until 1990, the State intervened in fertilizer marketing by subsidies and refunds. Since the beginning of 1990, intervention stopped and the prices reflected market factors. Pe...
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Related to FERTILIZER POLICY

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  • Alcohol Policy Residents are required to abide by all New York State and New York University regulations regarding the use of alcohol. In residence halls, persons under the age of 21 may not be in the presence of alcohol or alcoholic beverage containers. Students (including residents and non- residential students), and guests who are of legal drinking age (21 years of age or older) may possess and consume alcoholic beverages (referred herein “alcohol”) within NYU residence halls in accordance with the following:

  • Safety Policy Each employer is required by law to have a safety policy and program. TIR will ask for and may require a copy of that policy and program.

  • Contractors Pollution Liability Insurance (If Applicable $1,000,000 per occurrence and $2,000,000 aggregate or whatever amount is acceptable to the City for any exposure to “hazardous materials” as this term is defined in applicable law, including but not limited to waste, asbestos, fungi, bacterial or mold. Lower tier sub-subcontractors, Truckers, Suppliers: Evidence confirming lower tier subcontractors, truckers and suppliers are maintaining valid insurance prior to beginning work on the project to meet the requirements set forth herein on Subcontractor, including but not limited to all additional insured requirements of Subcontractor. ALL COVERAGES Coverage shall not be suspended, voided, canceled, or non-renewed by either CONTRACTOR or by the insurer, reduced in coverage or in limits except after thirty (30) days' prior written notice has been given to CITY except for ten (10) days’ notice for nonpayment of premium.

  • General Policies (a) The evaluated job rate arrived at through official evaluation by the Joint Job Evaluation Board will be final and binding upon both parties to the Labour Agreement unless review has been requested as provided in Section 3(a)(ii)(c) or 3(a)(ii)(g). In case of such review the decision of the Job Evaluation Directors or, where appropriate the Independent Review Officer shall be final and binding upon both parties. Where a number of appeals indicate a problem within a job field, the Directors shall refer such problems to the Administrative Committee for final determination.

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  • Hospitals of Ontario Voluntary Life Insurance Plan The Hospital also agrees to make the Hospitals of Ontario Voluntary Life Insurance Plan (HOOVLIP) available to the nurses subject to the provisions of HOOVLIP at no cost to the Hospital.

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