Household Water Treatment Sample Clauses

Household Water Treatment. Point of use (POU) household water treatment (HWT) and specifically household water chlorination (HWC) has been promoted in many developing countries, including Haiti, as a safe strategy to improve drinking water quality. It has been shown to reduce the risk of diarrhea in children under five by 29% to 40% (Xxxxxx & Xxxxxxx, 0000; Clasen, Schmidt, Rabie, Roberts, & Cairncross, 2007). However, skepticism remains as to whether household water chlorination should be promoted in developing country settings as a diarrhea reduction strategy. Lack of an unbiased outcome measure (currently most HWT studies rely on self-reported diarrheal disease) and the difficulty and expense of implementing rigorous scientific research methodology such as randomized control trials in HWT interventions limit the ability to show long-term health effects of HWT interventions. Several meta-analyses of HWT found a lack of evidence of sustained health benefits for disinfection-only methods such as chlorination, and some researchers caution against its scale-up until further rigorous evidence has determined it to be effective in developing countries (Xxxxxx & Xxxxxxx, 2007; Hunter, 2009; Xxxxxxx & Xxxxxxxxxx, 2009). . Despite this criticism, POU household water chlorination (HWC) is used in about 6% of low to medium income households worldwide with the highest prevalence in the Caribbean and South America at 17% (Xxxx & Xxxxxx, 2010) and is promoted as a component of the Safe Water System (SWS). The SWS, comprised of a sodium hypochlorite water treatment solution (often locally produced), safe storage container and behavior change communication, was developed as a water quality intervention by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) in response to the South American cholera epidemic in early 1990s(Xxxxxxxx & Xxxxx, 2008). The CDC and partner organizations have implemented SWS in over 30 countries worldwide, and CDC studies have found it to reduce the incidence of diarrheal disease from 22-84% (Xxxxxxxx & Xxxxx, 2008). Although chlorine by-products in drinking water slightly increase bladder and kidney cancer (1 excess case per 100,000 people who drink 2 liters of chlorinated water a day for 70 years), the risk is negligible compared to that of diarrheal disease (Xxxxxxxx & Xxxxx, 2008). Furthermore, chlorine by-products in water treated with sodium hypochlorite solution are consistently below World Health Organization(WHO) guidelines for ca...
AutoNDA by SimpleDocs

Related to Household Water Treatment

  • TOOL STORAGE 1. A company shall provide on all construction jobs in towns and cities, and elsewhere where reasonably necessary and practicable (or if requested buy the employee), a suitable and secure waterproof lock-up solely for the purpose of storing employees’ tools, and on multi-storey and major projects the company shall provide, where possible, a suitable lock-up for employees’ tools within a reasonable distance of the work area of large groups of employees. 2. Where an employee is absent from work because of illness or accident and has advised the company in accordance with Clause 33 – Personal Leave of the award, the company shall ensure that the employee’s tools are securely stored during his/her absence.

  • Storage The ordering agency is responsible for storage if the contractor delivers within the time required and the agency cannot accept delivery.

  • Emergency Medical Treatment I grant the Releasees permission to authorize emergency medical treatment as they deem appropriate, and agree that such action by the Releasees shall be subject to the terms of this Agreement. I understand and agree that the Releasees assume no responsibility for any injury or damage that might result from such emergency medical treatment.

  • Prescription Safety Glasses Prescription safety glasses will be furnished by the employer. The employer retains the authority to establish reasonable rules and procedures regarding frequency of issue, replacement of damaged glasses, limits on reimbursement costs and coordination with the employer's vision plan.

  • Safety Glasses Section 1. The City shall supply prescription safety glasses with plastic lenses to employees who are required to wear safety glasses and who are members of the classifications contained in Appendix C to this contract. Safety glasses which are authorized must be industrial grade safety glasses which meet or exceed the requirements of ANSI Specification Z87. 1. All employees who are required to wear safety glasses shall also be required to wear side xxxxxxx, either permanent or snap-on, whenever an eye hazard exists. Solid tinted glasses will not be approved unless required by prescription. Photogray, progressive, scratch coating and/or anti-glare lenses may be considered for those employees who primarily work outdoors or as prescribed. In the event that additional classes are identified as needing either prescription safety glasses or protective eyewear, such classes may be added to the classification list in Appendix C upon approval of PAGE and the City. Section 2. The City agrees to pay the full cost of required prescription safety glasses, with frames not to exceed $75.00. This excludes the cost of the eye examination which will be the responsibility of the employee. The effected employees will be allowed one (1) replacement of safety glasses every two (2) years. In the event the safety glasses become lost, unserviceable, or broken on the job, the employee must present a written request for replacement to the Department Head and Human Resources Director. If the employee breaks his safety glasses while on the job, the Department shall replace the glasses at no cost to the employee. The replacement of lost glasses or glasses that are broken off the job will be at the discretion of the Department Head and Human Resources Director. If an employee has been provided safety glasses by the City, the employee shall be permitted to retain possession of the glasses after separation from the City without reimbursing the City for any costs associated with the glasses. Section 3. An employee who is required to wear prescription safety glasses must present a written request to his department head or designated representative. Section 4. The employee must obtain a current prescription and the employee is authorized the use of sick leave not to exceed two (2) hours to accomplish this examination. The employee will obtain a purchase order from the Department Head prior to ordering the safety glasses. The employee will present the purchase order to the appropriate vendor when ordering. The vendor will contact the appropriate Department Head when the glasses are ready for delivery. The Department Head will then notify the employee who will present himself at the vendor for fitting and pickup. Section 5. In the event a probationary employee has been issued safety glasses and terminates his employment with the City for any reason during the probationary period, he shall be required to reimburse the City for any expenses incurred in the purchase of safety glasses.

  • Generating Facility The Interconnection Customer’s device for the production of electricity identified in the Interconnection Request, but shall not include the Interconnection Customer’s Interconnection Facilities.

  • Load Shedding The systematic reduction of system demand by temporarily decreasing Load in response to a transmission system or area Capacity shortage, system instability, or voltage control considerations under the ISO OATT. Local Furnishing Bonds. Tax-exempt bonds issued by a Transmission Owner under an agreement between the Transmission Owner and the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (“NYSERDA”), or its successor, or by a Transmission Owner itself, and pursuant to Section 142(f) of the Internal Revenue Code, 26 U.S.C. § 142(f). Locality. A single LBMP Load Zone or set of adjacent LBMP Load Zones within one Transmission District within which a minimum level of Installed Capacity must be maintained. Local Reliability Rule. A Reliability Rule established by a Transmission Owner, and adopted by the NYSRC to meet specific reliability concerns in limited areas of the NYCA, including without limitation, special conditions and requirements applicable to nuclear plants and special requirements applicable to the New York City metropolitan area. Locational Based Marginal Pricing (“LBMP”). A pricing methodology under which the price of Energy at each location in the NYS Transmission System is equivalent to the cost to supply the next increment of Load at that location (i.e., the short-run marginal cost). The short-run marginal cost takes generation Bid Prices and the physical aspects of the NYS Transmission System into account. The short-run marginal cost also considers the impact of Out-of-Merit Generation (as measured by its Bid Price) resulting from the Congestion and Marginal Losses occurring on the NYS Transmission System which are associated with supplying an increment of Load. The term LBMP also means the price of Energy bought or sold in the LBMP Markets at a specific location.

  • Configuration Management The Contractor shall maintain a configuration management program, which shall provide for the administrative and functional systems necessary for configuration identification, control, status accounting and reporting, to ensure configuration identity with the UCEU and associated cables produced by the Contractor. The Contractor shall maintain a Contractor approved Configuration Management Plan that complies with ANSI/EIA-649 2011. Notwithstanding ANSI/EIA-649 2011, the Contractor’s configuration management program shall comply with the VLS Configuration Management Plans, TL130-AD-PLN-010-VLS, and shall comply with the following:

  • Help Desk A help desk for Product support issues (the “Help Desk”) will be available to Customer. Unless specified in an Order, Customer should contact 000.000.0000 to receive a telephone number for the applicable supporting Solutions & Support Center. Customer will appoint one Product administrator and one backup administrator to serve as the primary point of contact regarding maintenance services.

  • Transportation Management Tenant shall fully comply with all present or future programs intended to manage parking, transportation or traffic in and around the Building, and in connection therewith, Tenant shall take responsible action for the transportation planning and management of all employees located at the Premises by working directly with Landlord, any governmental transportation management organization or any other transportation-related committees or entities.

Draft better contracts in just 5 minutes Get the weekly Law Insider newsletter packed with expert videos, webinars, ebooks, and more!